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In Silico Approach to Cancer Therapy
Published in Anjana Pandey, Saumya Srivastava, Recent Advances in Cancer Diagnostics and Therapy, 2022
Anjana Pandey, Saumya Srivastava
In a study, the use of the EMCIT approach was done in the case of pancreatic cancer. To identify an EMCIT-suitable hydrolase, they have recognized five phosphatases and one extracellular sulfatase (SULF1), considered an excellent target for EMCIT. SULF1 is known for its specific endoglucosamine-6-sulfatase and (Morimoto-Tomita et al., 2002) arylsulfatase activity, due to causing desulfurization from the aromatic phenyl ring. Therefore, arylsulfatase activity might be linked to arylphosphatase action that is known for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) activity for hydrolysis of IQ2–P (ammonium 2-(2′-phosphoryloxyphenyl)-6-iodo-4-(3H)-quinazolinone) (Ho et al., 2002; Chen et al., 2006; Pospisil et al., 2007; Wang et al., 2007; Kassis et al., 2008). IQ2–P was modified to IQ2–S (2-(2′-sulfooxyphenyl)-6-iodo-4-(3H)-quinazolinone), a sulphate-based analog. This IQ2–S was docked into the neighboring homologous 3-D configuration of SULF1, arylsulfatase A (ARSA). A docking study of IQ2–S and IQ2–P with ARSA, ALP, and PAP revealed that these three enzymes of an alkaline-phosphatase family can bind para-nitrophenyl sulfates or phosphates, exhibiting sulfatidic and phosphatidic actions (O’Brien and Herschlag, 1999; Catrina et al., 2007). Overall, the docking study predicts that the replacement of phosphate with sulfate on an iodoquinazolinone skeleton would shift this EMCIT concept to sulfatases from phosphatases, leading to a new prodrug target scheme generation. Particularly in the case of pancreatic cancer, IQ2–S (sulfate derived prodrug), has been proven as a potential prodrug for ARSA and later its neighboring analog SULF1.
Bioaugmentation of endosulfan contaminated soil in artificial bed treatment using selected fungal species
Published in Bioremediation Journal, 2019
Jyoti Bisht, N. S. K. Harsh, L. M. S. Palni, Vasudha Agnihotri, Anuj Kumar
Arylsulfatase enzyme is involved in mineralization of ester sulfate in soils. Increase in the activity of these enzymes in presence of endosulfan may also suggest the possible involvement of this group of enzymes in their degradation. Kalyani et al. (2010) and Bhalerao (2012) also suggested involvement of arylsulfatase in endosulfan degradation. Aryl sulphatase activity decreased significantly when soil amended with endosulfan as compared with control soil. While in endosulfan contaminated soil that was treated with T. hirsuta increased significantly with respect to incubation period, and at the end of experiment reached maximum value. Similar trend observed in soil treated with T. versicolor or fungal consortium. However, in soil treated with C. cladosporioides or P. frequentans, it was increased slightly. Inhibitory effect of endosulfan on arylsulfatase activity has been reported earlier (Girial et al. 2011). On the other hand, Kalyani et al. (2010) reported stimulatory effect of endosulfan on arylsulfatase when applied to soil in low concentration, but high concentration cause adverse effect.