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Overview of biological mechanisms of human carcinogens
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2019
Nicholas Birkett, Mustafa Al-Zoughool, Michael Bird, Robert A. Baan, Jan Zielinski, Daniel Krewski
The cancers associated with a weight-loss regimen of herbal ingredients that contained aristolochic acids directly relate to the mechanism of action of these acids. The toxicity of aristolochic acids I and II has been inferred from effects seen in patients diagnosed with kidney nephropathy after the use of herbal mixtures containing Aristolochia species, which led to rapidly progressive fibrosing interstitial nephritis. The same aristolochic acid-specific DNA adducts identified in experimental animals exposed to aristolochic acid or herbal products containing aristolochic acid were also found in urothelial tissue of aristolochic-acid nephropathy patients, in renal tissue from Balkan endemic nephropathy patients, and in tumor tissue from residents of endemic villages.