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Environmental and Health Effects of Acid Mine Drainage
Published in Geoffrey S. Simate, Sehliselo Ndlovu, Acid Mine Drainage, 2021
The pH of waters is important to aquatic life because pH affects the ability of aquatic organisms to regulate basic life-sustaining processes, particularly the exchanges of respiratory gasses and salts with the water in which they live (Rober-Bryan, Inc., 2004). In other words, pH (or more appropriately H+ activity) has a large influence on many important chemical reactions such as dissociation of organic acids and concentration and speciation of potentially toxic aluminium (Sullivan, 2000). More specifically, the pH of the water is a major physical factor that determines the distributions of organisms in aquatic habitats (Clark et al., 2004). It is noted that in many instances important physiological processes operate normally in most aquatic biota under a relatively wide pH range (e.g., 6–9 pH) (Rober-Bryan, Inc., 2004). In fact, most of the freshwater lakes, streams and ponds have a natural pH in the range of 6 to 8 (Lenntech, 2014). It must be noted, however, that the acceptable range of pH to aquatic life, particularly fish, depends on numerous other factors, including prior pH acclimatisation, water temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration and the concentrations and ratios of various cations and anions (Rober-Bryan, Inc., 2004).
The Heat Crisis
Published in Stephen L. Gillett, Nanotechnology and the Resource Fallacy, 2018
This reflects energy stored by natural photosynthesis, and although it’s “waste,” it still contains free energy. This, of course, is why bacteria can live on it, metabolizing it to carbon dioxide and water. Indeed, its disposal is now an expensive problem. Aside from its infection hazard, the main deleterious effect of sewage dumped back into streams is its “biological oxygen demand.” Because it is chemically reduced, micro-organisms can oxidize sewage to derive energy, and that consumes the oxygen in surrounding water. This process, termed “eutrophication,” can destroy an aquatic environment for other oxygen-using aquatic life such as fish. Hence sewage treatment focuses on oxidizing such material before its discharge into the environment.
Climate Risk Management vis-à-vis Crop Productivity under Climatic Variability
Published in Moonisa Aslam Dervash, Akhlaq Amin Wani, Climate Change Alleviation for Sustainable Progression, 2022
Sukhjeet Kaur, Navneet Kaur, Abrar Yousuf, Jagdish Singh, Parminder Singh Sandhu
The application of synthetic fertilisers, animal waste and crop residues is responsible for emission of nitrous oxide gas into the atmosphere through nitrification (ammonia to nitrites and nitrates) and denitrification (nitrate to nitrogen gas). The excessive use of fertilisers by the farmers aids in worsening atmospheric (release of nitrous oxide) and water (leaching nitrate) conditions due to nitrogen. Although not directly linked to climate change, the high concentrations of nutrients (especially phosphates and nitrates) in water bodies cause eutrophication resulting in proliferation of algae and depletion of oxygen in the water, which in turn has severe impacts on aquatic life and quality of water.
Ascorbic acid ameliorated the sperm quality of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) against arsenic toxicity: Impact on oxidative stress, fertility ability and embryo development
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C, 2022
Filiz Kutluyer Kocabaş, Mehmet Kocabaş, Önder Aksu, Yeliz Çakir Sahilli
Aquatic life is adversely affected by environmental pollutants and contaminants. In particular, as a global environmental issue, heavy metals are absorbed by organisms in marine and freshwater ecosystems.1 Reproduction, ion regulation, immune system function, survival and growth in living organisms are adversely affected by the toxicity of heavy metals. The impairment of reproduction and sperm quality cause the developmental anomalies and diminished aquatic populations. As a hazardous metalloid, arsenic (As) is a widespread pollutant due to its natural occurrence in the Earth's crust and its redistribution by volcanic eruptions, wind-blown dust and anthropogenic activities.2–4 As and its metabolites are transported to rivers, lakes and underground waters through human activities or natural processes and accumulate in aquatic animals.4–6
Combined treatment of synthetic textile effluent using mixed azo dye by phyto and phycoremediation
Published in International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2021
Bhavadhaarani V., Veena Gayathri Krishnaswamy
Currently, more than 2000 different azo dyes are used to dye various materials such as textiles, leather, plastics, cosmetics, and food. These industrially produced chemicals are all xenobiotic compounds that are highly recalcitrant against biodegradation processes. Some of the azo, xanthene, and anthraquinone dyes are known to be very toxic and mutagenic to living, and their discharge in water bodies has caused several lethal effects. The accumulation of toxic chemicals may lead to serious health problems and also have acute and chronic effects on aquatic life. Mainly, azo dyes are highly toxic and produce carcinogenic aromatic amines.
On the environmental benefits of a permeable pavement: metals potential removal efficiency and Life Cycle Assessment
Published in Urban Water Journal, 2020
Michele Turco, Giuseppe Brunetti, Stefania Anna Palermo, Gilda Capano, Giovanna Grossi, Mario Maiolo, Patrizia Piro
Among the various contaminants in urban stormwater runoff are Total Suspended Solids (TSS), nutrients and hydrocarbons, and the potential of PP structures to remove them is demonstrated in several studies (Beecham, Pezzaniti, and Kandasamy 2012; Brattebo and Booth 2003; Brown and Borst 2015; Huang et al. 2016; Kamali, Delkash, and Tajrishy 2017; Sansalone, Kuang, and Ranieri 2008; Tota-Maharaj and Scholz 2010). Specifically, these types of pollutants have the potential to impact water resources and cause acute or chronic toxic effects on aquatic life. The treatment mechanisms are physical filtration and chemical sorption.