China 
Africa 
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
An Insight into Green Microwave-Assisted Techniques
Published in Banik Bimal Krishna, Bandyopadhyay Debasish, Advances in Microwave Chemistry, 2018
Natalia A. Gomez, Maite V. Aguinaga, Natalia Llamas, Mariano Garrido, Carolina Acebal, Claudia Domini
MA-DLLME was also applied to the extraction of anthraquinones from the roots of Rheum palmatum L., a Chinese herbal medicine [159]. In this method, the sample was directly used in the solid state. Thus, when the sample was irradiated, a solid-liquid extraction was first performed to extract the analytes from the sample matrix. Once the analytes were in the solution, the liquid-liquid extraction took place. To perform the extraction, 0.010 g of the sample was mixed with 3.0 mL of aqueous solution (pH 9.0) and 140 µL of 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [C8MIM][BF4]. The sample was irradiated by microwave at 180 W for 60 s. After that, a small amount of ammonium hexafluorophosphate (NH4PF6) (1.0 mL) was used as an ion-pairing agent to obtain a cloudy solution due to the formation of [C8MIM][PF6] that was kept in an ice-water bath for 5 min. Then, the sample was centrifuged and, with the IL phase, which was deposited at the bottom of the tube, the solid sample and the aqueous phase were separated. The IL phase containing the extracted analytes was diluted with acetonitrile and injected in the HPLC-DAD.
An Introduction to Conducting Polymer Actuators
Published in Sam-Shajing Sun, Larry R. Dalton, Introduction to Organic Electronic and Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, 2016
Geoffrey M. Spinks, Philip G. Whitten, Gordon G. Wallace, Van-Tan Truong
The reasons why the modulus of conducting polymers change during redox cycling is not fully understood, but experimental studies have shown that the modulus shift is very sensitive to the operating electrolyte. In one recent study of polythiophene actuators [10], the change in modulus and actuation performance was determined in an organic electrolyte (tetrabutyl ammonium hexafluorophosphate, TBA·PF6 in PC), and an ionic liquid (ethylmethylimidazolium bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide). The actuation strains measured under isotonic conditions are shown in Figure 24.13. The typical response was observed in the PC electrolyte with the strain decreasing when higher loads were used. These results were explained by the simultaneous increase in modulus occurring during electrochemically induced expansion of the polymer. In contrast, the strain actually increased slightly with increasing load when the ionic liquid electrolyte was used. In this case, the swelling of the polymer coincided with a decrease in modulus. Thus, the sample swelled both due to the electrochemical processes and also due to the change in modulus. This situation is highly desirable, since the performance (and output energy) increases as the force applied to the actuator increases.
Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds
Published in W. M. Haynes, David R. Lide, Thomas J. Bruno, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 2016
W. M. Haynes, David R. Lide, Thomas J. Bruno
Ammonium formate NH4CHO2 Ammonium heptafluorotantalate (NH4)2TaF7 Ammonium hexabromoosmate(IV) (NH4)2OsBr6 Ammonium hexabromoplatinate(IV) Ammonium hexachloroiridate(III) Ammonium hexachloroiridate(IV) Ammonium hexachloroosmate(IV) Ammonium hexachloropalladate(IV) Ammonium hexachloroplatinate(IV) Ammonium hexachlororuthenate(IV) Ammonium hexafluoroaluminate Ammonium hexafluorogallate Ammonium hexafluorogermanate Ammonium hexafluorophosphate Ammonium hexafluorosilicate Ammonium hexafluorotitanate Ammonium hexafluorozirconate(IV) Ammonium hydrogen arsenate Ammonium hydrogen carbonate Ammonium hydrogen citrate Ammonium hydrogen fluoride Ammonium hydrogen malate Ammonium hydrogen oxalate monohydrate Ammonium hydrogen phosphate Ammonium hydrogen phosphite monohydrate Ammonium hydrogen selenate Ammonium hydrogen sulfate Ammonium hydrogen sulfide Ammonium hydrogen sulfite Ammonium hydrogen tartrate (NH4)2PtBr6 (NH4)3IrCl6 (NH4)2IrCl6 (NH4)2OsCl6 (NH4)2PdCl6 (NH4)2PtCl6 (NH4)2RuCl6 (NH4)3AlF6 (NH4)3GaF6 (NH4)2GeF6 NH4PF6 (NH4)2SiF6 (NH4)2TiF (NH4)2ZrF6 (NH4)2HAsO4 NH4HCO3 (NH4)2HC6H5O7 NH4HF2 NH4C4H5O5 NH4HC2O4H2O (NH4)2HPO4 (NH4)2HPO3H2O NH4HSeO4 NH4HSO4 NH4HS NH4HSO3 NH4HC4H4O6
Tin(IV) halide complexes with 5,7-dimethyl-8-quinolinol: structures, optical and thermal properties
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2022
Kathleen Ngo, Boris Averkiev, Gordan Tyson Reeves, Andrew Wu, Daniel Wooseok Ki
A solution of 5,7-dimethyl-8-quinolinol (0.1753 g, 1.0 mmol) dissolved in 4.0 mL DMSO through sonication was combined with a solution of Sn(acac)2Cl2 (0.1945 g, 0.5 mmol) in 3.00 mL MeCN. A solution of ammonium hexafluorophosphate (0.3273 g, 2.0 mmol) dissolved in 8.00 mL MeOH was then immediately added to the mixture. The reaction mixture was left as an open system for 7 days and dark yellow crystal product was collected by vacuum filtration and washed with 2.00 mL DMSO. Yield: 0.1453 g (57.82%). Yellow block crystals were obtained. Analysis calculated for C22H20F2N2O2Sn: C, 52.73; H, 4.02; N, 5.59. Found: C, 51.67; H, 3.88; N, 5.62. IR(ATR, ν, cm−1): 3076(w), 2926(w), 1605(w), 1581(w), 1504(s), 1462(s), 1361(s), 1327(s), 1244(m), 1170(s), 1131(s), 1084(m), 997(m), 876(m), 813(s), 753(s), 679(s), 654(s), 621(s).
Arene ruthenium, rhodium and iridium complexes containing N∩O chelating ligands: synthesis, antibacterial and antioxidant studies
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2021
Agreeda Lapasam, Lathewdeipor Shadap, Deepak Kumar Tripathi, Krishna Mohan Poluri, Werner Kaminsky, Mohan Rao Kollipara
The reaction of dimeric precursors, [(p-cymene)RuCl2]2, [Cp*RhCl2]2, or [Cp*IrCl2]2, with two equivalents of L1 in methanol by stirring at room temperature for 6 h yielded the corresponding complexes 1-3 (Scheme 1). The reaction of the metal precursors with two equivalents of ligand L2 in the presence of ammonium hexafluorophosphate yielded cationic complexes 4-6 in moderate-to-high yield (Scheme 2). Similarly, the reaction of [CpRu(PPh3)2Cl] with 4-hydroxybenzhydrazide and 3-methoxybenhydrazide under reflux for 6 h resulted in formation of 7 and 8 (Scheme 3). The resulting products of 4-6 and 8 were isolated with PF6 as a counter ion. The metal complexes were characterized by spectral studies and the molecular structures of some of the complexes were established by carrying out the single-crystal X-ray analysis.
Synthesis, properties, DFT calculations, and cytotoxic activity of phosphorescent iridium(III) complexes with heteroatom ancillary ligands
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2020
Xiao-Han Yang, Qian Zhang, Shao-Bin Dou, Lu Xiao, Xing-Liang Jia, Rui-Lian Yang, Gao-Nan Li, Zhi-Gang Niu
[(cf3piq)2Ir(μ-Cl)]2 (dimer) (100 mg, 0.065 mmol) and 2-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (pbidz) (32 mg, 0.162 mmol) were dissolved in mixed methanol (5 mL) and dichloromethane (5 mL) solution. The reaction mixture was heated at 60 °C for 10 h under N2 and cooled to room temperature. Ammonium hexafluorophosphate (53 mg, 0.324 mmol) was then added and stirred for 2 h. Next, the mixture was poured into water and extracted three times with CH2Cl2. The organic phase was concentrated and the solution was evaporated under vacuum. The crude product was purified by flash column chromatography (dichloromethane:methanol = 200:1 ∼ 100:1) to afford Ir1 as a red solid (65 mg, yield: 46.6%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3), δ (ppm): 8.95–8.90 (m, 1H), 8.90–8.83 (m, 1H), 8.73 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 8.40 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 8.14 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.97–7.89 (m, 2H), 7.82 (ddd, J = 9.7, 8.1, 5.3 Hz, 5H), 7.75 (d, J = 4.9 Hz, 1H), 7.62 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 1H), 7.46–7.37 (m, 6H), 7.33 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.98 (t, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.61 (s, 1H), 6.49 (s, 1H), 5.93 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H). 19F NMR (377 MHz, CDCl3), δ (ppm): −63.01 (s, 3 F, CF3), −63.10 (s, 3 F, CF3), −71.99 (s, 3 F, PF6), −73.88 (s, 3 F, PF6). 31P NMR (162 MHz, CDCl3), δ (ppm): −144.49 (hept, PF6). MS (ESI), (m/z): 932.1 [M-PF6]+ (calcd 932.2).