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Metal-Organic Framework with Immobilized Nanoparticles
Published in Anish Khan, Mohammad Jawaid, Abdullah Mohammed Ahmed Asiri, Wei Ni, Mohammed Muzibur Rahman, Metal-Organic Framework Nanocomposites, 2020
Neslihan Karaman, Kemal Cellat, Hilal Acıdereli, Anish Khan, Fatih Şen
Ammonia borane (NH3BH3, AB) is a promising material for chemical hydrogen storage, and hydrogen is released by hydrolysis. AB hydrolysis is used to evaluate catalytic activities. The introduction of the aqueous AB solution into the reaction flask is achieved by hydrolysis of H2 AB produced by vigorously shaking at room temperature containing synthesized M@MIL-101 catalysts. AuNi@NPs are used as storage materials for hydrogen production and clean energy applications from ammonia boron, which can serve as a high-performance catalyst. AuNi alloy NPs have been successfully immobilized to MIL-101 by the dual-solvent method (DSM) combined with a liquid phase concentration-controlled reduction strategy. Uniform three-dimensional distribution of ultra-fine AuNi NPs encapsulated in MIL-101 pores. Ultra-fine non-noble metal-based NPs in the internal pores of MOFs shedding light on new opportunities, ultra-fine AuNi alloy NPs in mesoporous MIL-101 ammonia showed extremely high activity for hydrogen production from catalytic hydrolysis of borane [7] (Table 11.1).
Fuel Cells
Published in Arumugam S. Ramadhas, Alternative Fuels for Transportation, 2016
Parthasarathy Sridhar, Sethuraman Pitchumani, Ashok K. Shukla
The fuel supply infrastructure for FCVs is critical to their popularization. However, hydrogen supply infrastructure exists scarcely at present. FCVs need to have the same range as ICEVs. The tank mileage of FCVs should be at least 500 km. Current FCVs can travel almost 100 km/kg of hydrogen. Therefore, the hydrogen storage material and system must be capable of storing at least 5 kg of hydrogen. There are many candidate materials and systems for storing hydrogen. A high-pressure hydrogen gas tank might be promising at present. Capability of hydrogen gas containers has been rising from 25–30 MPa, and is expected to increase to 50 or 70 MPa in the near future. Carbon nanotubes could be a promising material, but only store 0.5 wt.% hydrogen. Metal hydrides can store around 2 wt.% hydrogen but their hydrogen storage capacity needs to be improved to > 5 wt.%. Another critical issue for the use of metal hydrides is the time required to store hydrogen. Several tens of minutes are required for refueling. Alkaline hydride compounds have good hydrogen storage capacity, but are difficult to recycle. It might be difficult to use existing hydrogen storage materials in automobiles. Recently, ammonia borane has been projected as a promising hydrogen carrier. The efficiency of peripheral systems such as the air supply system and the heat release capability of the cooling system also need to be improved to achieve a compact and high-performance FC system.
Application of Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) for Hydrogen Storage
Published in Hieng Kiat Jun, Nanomaterials in Energy Devices, 2017
Mohammad Jafarzadehp, Amir Reza Abbasi
Ni-based MOFs using a benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid (H3BTC) ligand were also used as a support for ammonia borane, and then for hydrogen desorption (via a dehydrogenation process) (Kong et al. 2015). Ammonia has a high hydrogen content (17.6 wt%) which can produce hydrogen via a decomposition reaction by non-noble metallic (e.g., Fe, Ni, Co) and bimetallic catalysts (Bell and Torrente-Murciano 2016). Hydrolytic dehydrogenation of ammonia borane (NH3BH3) to a stoichiometric amount of hydrogen is an efficient method for the chemical storage of hydrogen (Lu et al. 2012). Ammonia borane (NH3BH3) as a solid-state hydrogen storage medium has the interesting properties of satisfactory stability, relatively low molecular mass, and high energy density. Its practical application is still limited due to the poor kinetics of hydrogen generation below 85ºC and the release of impurities that are detrimental to the fuel cells (Kong et al. 2015). It was found that the dehydrogenation reaction can be promoted using a synergistic effect of bimetallic Au-Co nanoparticles (NPs) supported on silica nanospheres (Lu et al. 2012). Ammonia borane-confined boron nitride nanopolyhedra were used for chemical hydrogen storage. The B–N–H composite possessed a BET specific surface area of 200 m2 g−1, a total pore volume of 0.287 cm3 g−1, and a low density of 2.27 g cm−3. The organic scaffold provided a gravimetric hydrogen storage capacity of 3.4 wt% at 80ºC (Moussa et al. 2014). Yoo et al. (2014) used hydrous hydrazine as a candidate for efficient hydrogen storage. The hydrous hydrazine can be decomposed to hydrogen and nitrogen in the presence of the bimetallic catalyst of Rh and Ni on hollow silica microspheres with 99% H2 selectivity at 25ºC. Formic acid (HCO2H) has also been introduced as a candidate for reversible liquid hydrogen storage (H2 content of 4.4 wt%), as the storage/release is performed via catalytic hydrogenation (of CO2 to formic acid) and dehydrogenation (of formic acid) processes (Grasemann and Laurenczy 2012). Formic acid is a kinetically stable liquid at room temperature. Its dehydrogenation is thermodynamically favorable at room temperature and the addition of a base (e.g., amine) accelerates the reaction through the formation of the corresponding formates (Mellmann et al. 2016). Koh et al. (2014) used Pd NPs supported on amine-functionalized silica for the dehydrogenation of formic acid.
Combustion Characteristics of Suspended Hydrocarbon Fuel Droplets with Various Nanoenergetic Additives
Published in Combustion Science and Technology, 2021
John W. Bennewitz, Alireza Badakhshan, Douglas G. Talley
Regarding the soluble additives, ammonia borane is unique in that it provides a mechanism for internal hydrogen gas generation to occur during droplet burning, as the dissociation temperature for ammonia borane is lower than the boiling point of its base fuel (ethanol) (Pfeil et al. 2013, 2014). This hydrogen gas generation causes an increase in the chemical kinetic rates (Pfeil et al. 2013), and can potentially help mitigate the onset of combustion instabilities in a reactive system (Yu et al. 2008). Ammonia borane addition has also shown to increase overall heat release through increased flame temperature, heat of combustion and thermal conductivity (Pfeil et al. 2013, 2014). In total, 10 nanofuel combinations are studied in the present work for loading concentrations under 6 wt.. Generally, most nanofuel combinations at these loading concentrations do not exhibit large changes in global droplet burning properties but show an increase in the instantaneous burning rate toward the end of the droplet lifetime. Both ethanol with 5 wt. AB and RP-2 with 1 wt. graphene demonstrate the largest changes to droplet burning, permitting them to be suitable for further investigation in a reacting liquid nanofuel spray.
Impact of a novel fuel additive containing boron and hydrogen on diesel engine performance and emissions
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2021
Suleyman Simsek, Samet Uslu, Mukerrem Sahin, Fatih Arlı, Gulbahar Bilgic
In this study, solid ammonia borane was used to enrich the liquid fuel in terms of hydrogen. Ammonia borane (H3NBH3) is stable in a solid state at room temperature and has an extremely high gravimetric hydrogen capacity (19.6% by weight). H3NBH3 has the potential to store the hydrogen required for engine applications thanks to the three H atoms in the N-H and B-H bonds (Stephens, Pons, and Baker 2007). Pfeil, Groven, and Lucht (2013) performed a study to assess how the addition of ammonia borane may affect rocket fuel stability. An unstable model rocket burner was tested with both pure ethanol and ammonia borane-ethanol mixture. As a result, they showed that the combustion behavior of ammonia borane and ethanol mixture was different from pure ethanol.
Nickel-rhodium nanoparticles as active and durable catalysts for hydrogen liberation
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2020
Although hydrogen is regarded as the best alternative energy carrier to diminish dependancy to fossil fuels,[1] its storage is one of the big challenges to put hydrogen-based economy into practice in society.[2] Recently, boron and nitrogen containing solid materials like ammonia borane (H3NBH3) and hydrazine borane (N2H4BH3) have attracted much more attention.[3] Ammonia borane is by far the most widely studied solid material due to some advantages like higher hydrogen content (19.6 wt %), higher solubility and higher stability in aqueous solution at ambient temperatures, and nontoxicity.[4–6] Hydrazine borane, synthesized by reacting hydrazine hemisulfate and sodium borohydride in THF at room temperature according to Equation (1), is another chemical hydrogen storage material containing 15.4 wt % of hydrogen.[7]