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Vitamins and Nutrition
Published in Richard J. Sundberg, The Chemical Century, 2017
One of McCollum’s students, Harry Steenbock (see also Section 10.1.1.8), noted that the same favorable response was obtained with yellow extracts of certain plants, carrots, and sweet potatoes in particular. Thomas Moore, working at the Dunn Nutritional Laboratory in Cambridge, UK, isolated a yellow compound, carotene, from carrots. On further work, he showed that mice converted carotene to a material with the same properties as McCollum’s “fat-soluble factor A,” a.k.a. vitamin A. The structures of the compounds were determined by Paul Karrer at the University of Zurich, who shared the 1937 Prize in Chemistry with W. N. Haworth (see Section 10.1.1.7). The connections were now becoming fairly clear. The relationship with blindness is that retinol is the precursor of the corresponding aldehyde, retinal, which is an essential component of the light-detection system of the retina. Vitamin A deficiency remains a problem, especially among children in impoverished areas of the world. The first symptom, called xerophthalmia, results from reduced tear formation and leads to lesions in the eye.
Effects of nitrogen dioxide exposure on the risk of eye and adnexa diseases among children in Shenzhen, China: an assessment using the generalized additive modeling approach
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2022
Jingfeng Mu, Dan Zeng, Hongwu Zeng
Data on the daily number of outpatients with EADs from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2018 were retrieved from the Hospital Information System of Shenzhen Children’s Hospital. This hospital is the largest children’s hospital in Shenzhen with more than 1,300 beds and approximately 2,100 staff. Moreover, 2.3 million outpatients and 77 thousand inpatients visit the hospital annually. The percentage of outpatients of this hospital in the total population of Shenzhen was 17.7%. Non-local patient data were deleted from our study. Daily counts of outpatients for EADs and several relative diseases, including conjunctivitis, dacryoadenitis, hordeolum, keratitis, and xerophthalmia, were selected as outcomes.