China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Wearable Sensors for Monitoring Exercise and Fatigue Estimation in Rehabilitation
Published in Manuel Cardona, Vijender Kumar Solanki, Cecilia E. García Cena, Internet of Medical Things, 2021
Maria J. Pinto-Bernal, Andres Aguirre, Carlos A. Cifuentes, Marcela Munera
Due to the diversity of exercises, it is possible to generate a training plan that adapts to the patient's unique conditions (e.g., age, weight, medication, existing pathologies, and injuries). For example, patients who are overweight are advised to train with extracorporeal loads (for the musculoskeletal group) or with an ergometer (for the aerobic and anaerobic groups), because it is easier and safer for them than moving their body mass [34]. Furthermore, studies have shown that better rehabilitation results are obtained when elderly patients with osteoporosis use weight-bearing in their therapies because these types of exercises allow them to reach the highest mechanical load on bones [63]. In contrast, it is suggested that patients with cancer and average weight, perform exercise that requires to move the body weight, such as: climbing upstairs, walking on a treadmill or sitting and standing up, because these motions reflect the daily activities that they cannot handle [51, 65, 76].
The Effect of Backpack Load and Gait Speed on Plantar Forces During Treadmill Walking
Published in Youlian Hong, Routledge Handbook of Ergonomics in Sport and Exercise, 2013
The incidences of osteoporotic hip fracture were increased in both men and women, when data were analysed and compared with that from 30 years ago (Hagino et al., 2005). The crude incidence of osteoporotic hip fracture was 244.8 per 100,000 persons years from 2004 to 2006 in a Japanese population aged 35 years or older. Predominantly due to falls, 30 per cent of individuals after a hip fracture become functionally dependent and require long-term nursing care. To protect against osteoporosis and concomitant fractures, studies of weight-bearing exercise may be of substantial clinical importance. They may be able to provide distributional information related to the vertical ground reaction force and exercise intensity. In particular, force-generating activities have been shown to produce significant effects on attaining optimal bone mass and bone strength (Burr et al., 1983).
Musculoskeletal system
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
Other relevant medical information should be included in the referral information, such as whether the patient has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), diabetes or renal impairment. Patient with such conditions may have limited mobility or may be house bound and so the patient may benefit from calcium and vitamin D supplementation. Weight-bearing exercise helps to maintain good bone health. Conditions such as Parkinson’s, previous stroke or multiple sclerosis need further investigation with a falls risk assessment. A standard statement for falls referral, particularly in patients over 75 years with osteoporosis, should be included in the report.
Patellofemoral pain and musculoskeletal features in young pre- and post-pubertal female dancers
Published in Research in Sports Medicine, 2023
Nili Steinberg, Yael Sitton, Shilo Kramer, Yahav Levy, Itzhak Siev-Ner
The aim of this research study was to identify whether PFP is related to parameters such as tendon structure and bone properties, in young pre- and post-pubertal female dancers. The main findings indicated a high prevalence of PFP among the dancers, with almost half the participants exhibiting symptoms. Post-pubertal dancers with no-PFP were found to have increased muscle strength, greater radial and tibial properties, and better tendon structure compared to their pre-pubertal counterparts with or without PFP. Furthermore, tibial bone properties and hip external rotation ROM were the main factors related to PFP. Of the 49 participants, almost half of the dancers demonstrated PFP. That prevalence is high and follows previous publications (Steinberg et al., 2019). The main factor that was found to be related to PFP among these young dancers was reduced bone properties. Measuring bone properties by quantitative ultrasound has been previously used to evaluate bone strength in pre-pubertal and early-pubertal athletes (Falk et al., 2003). In healthy active athletes, participating in weight-bearing exercise has been found to be especially beneficial for accruing peak bone mass, optimizing bone structure and maintaining bone health (Hsu et al., 2022; Yung et al., 2005).
Magnitude of vertical ground reaction force during water-based exercises in women with obesity
Published in Sports Biomechanics, 2021
Cristine Lima Alberton, Bruna Amaral Fonseca, Gabriela Neves Nunes, Marco Bergamin, Stephanie Santana Pinto
Since obesity is typically caused by a chronic energy imbalance, among other factors, weight loss management may be controlled by energy expenditure increase and caloric intake reduction, such as physical exercise practice associated with a low-calorie diet (Fogelholm & Kukkonen-Harjula, 2000). In fact, evidences suggest that physical training leads to a reduction in fat mass and abdominal obesity, in addition to counteracting loss of muscle mass during dieting (Pedersen & Saltin, 2015). However, individuals with obesity are recommended to practice exercises with reduced weight bearing, since high levels of body fat plus increased loads on the major joints may lead to pain and discomfort, inefficient body mechanics and further mobility reductions (Hills et al., 2002).
Effects of whole body vibration on bone properties in growing rats
Published in International Biomechanics, 2022
Risk factors for osteoporosis include those which are fixed and modifiable (IOF 2021). Modifiable risk factors can be improved, as most are lifestyle-related, such as exercise, nutrition and the intake of alcohol, coffee and tobacco. The goal of osteoporosis preventive measures is to gain higher peak bone mass during the growth period, because peak bone mass is a significant predictor of future osteoporosis and fracture risk (Specker et al. 2010). An optimal lifestyle that influences peak bone mass and strength is important for decreasing risk of osteoporosis later in life (Weaver et al. 2016). Regular exercise is highly effective for improving bone mass in children and adolescents (Weaver et al. 2016; Xu et al. 2016; Santos et al. 2017; Lombardi et al. 2019), and impact, resistance and weight-bearing exercises are recommended given their beneficial effects on bone health in this population (Kohrt et al. 2004). Recently, whole body vibration (WBV) was reported to improve bone mineral density (BMD) in children, adolescents and postmenopausal women (Slatkovska et al. 2010). Effects of WBV on bone mass may differ by WBV condition, as WBV is considered to improve bone mass depending on the degree of bone strain caused by mechanical loading and muscle contraction. A previous study in postmenopausal women reported that WBV of 3 g or higher at a frequency lower than 25 was effective in improving BMD (Fratini et al. 2016). Meanwhile, an increase in bone mass, rather than a decrease in bone loss has been shown to have positive effects of WBV in children and adolescents (Slatkovska et al. 2010). Studies in children and adolescents with disabilities showed that WBV at a frequency of 12–90 Hz or a magnitude of 0.3–12 g (Slatkovska et al. 2010; Marin-Puyalto et al. 2018; Swolin-Eide et al. 2020) had positive effects on bone mass. In addition, WBV was found to be more effective on increasing BMD and bone mineral content (BMC) in children and adolescents with compromised bone mass than in postmenopausal women (Marin-Puyalto et al. 2018). However, only a few reports have been published on the effects of WBV on bone mass in normal children/adolescents. One study reported that high magnitude vibration on the arms increased trabecular BMD in the radius (Binkley et al. 2014), but another study found no effects of WBV on BMD or BMC (Gómez-Bruton et al. 2017).