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Results of a National Survey on Accessibility of Medical Instrumentation for Consumers
Published in Jack M. Winters, Molly Follette Story, Medical Instrumentation, 2006
Jill M. Winters, Molly Follette Story, Kris Barnekow, June Isaacson Kailes, Brenda Premo, Erin Schwier, Sarma Danturthi, Jack M. Winters
Visual impairment is a term used to describe many degrees of vision loss, including low vision, legally blind, and totally blind. Visual impairments are a very prevalent problem. Based on the National Health Interview survey, approximately 20.4 million Americans aged 18 and older (10%) have some form of visual impairment, even when wearing glasses or contact lenses [14]. Low vision is generally defined as an uncorrectable condition that interferes with a person’s ability to perform everyday activities, or as having 20/70 vision in the best eye, with a correction. The term legally blind is used for individuals whose central visual acuity does not exceed 20/200 in the better eye with corrective lenses or whose visual field is less than an angle of 20°. Total blindness is the term that is used to denote the complete absence of vision and light perception.
Virtual Reality Applications in the Context of Low-Vision Rehabilitation
Published in Christopher M. Hayre, Dave J. Muller, Marcia J. Scherer, Virtual Reality in Health and Rehabilitation, 2020
Marie-Céline Lorenzini, Walter Wittich
Low-vision rehabilitation represents the primary intervention for individuals with chronic, disabling visual impairment (Markowitz, 2006). The goal is to improve activities of daily living of individuals with reduced visual function by optimizing the use of their remaining sight through the provision of appropriate refractive correction, training in the use of vision assistive equipment and compensatory strategies (Binns et al., 2012). The vision rehabilitation process typically includes the prescription of assistive devices and the provision of training in the use of low-vision aids.
Driver Capabilities in the Resumption of Control
Published in Donald L. Fisher, William J. Horrey, John D. Lee, Michael A. Regan, Handbook of Human Factors for Automated, Connected, and Intelligent Vehicles, 2020
Sherrilene Classen, Liliana Alvarez
Approximately 1.3 billion people around the world experience some form of visual impairment (World Health Organization, 2018). According to the World Health Organization (2018), the five leading causes of visual impairment around the world are uncorrected refractive errors, cataract, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy (DR). Furthermore, adults over the age of 50 represent 65% and 82% of those who are visually impaired and blind, respectively (Pascolini & Mariotti, 2012). As such, many of these conditions are considered age related.
A Context-Aware Artificial Intelligence-based System to Support Street Crossings For Pedestrians with Visual Impairments
Published in Applied Artificial Intelligence, 2022
Aleksandro Montanha, Andreea M. Oprescu, MCarmen Romero-Ternero
Throughout the design and development process of this solution, potential users with visual impairment participated. Furthermore, field tests have been carried out with visually impaired users to test the application, which yielded positive results. The innovation of this work lies in 1) the solution has been built on existing hardware, an intelligent semaphore that was initially installed in Brazilian cities for smart city solutions related to traffic management; 2) the ability to transcribe the traffic situation to the user and to act on the situation to ensure user safety, since the semaphore can alter its behavior when a visually impaired pedestrian is crossing, if needed.
Effects of personality traits and visual health on driver route-choice behaviour in response to VMS traffic information
Published in Transportation Letters, 2022
Iman Ilkhani, Mahdi Yazdanpanah, Ali Dehghanbanadaki
Potential causes of visual impairment include cataracts, macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, corneal scars, binocular vision problems and refractive errors (myopia (near-sightedness), hyperopia (farsightedness), presbyopia (loss of near vision with age), and astigmatism). Consequently, research on the possibility of a link between visual health and driving behavior and adherence to traffic signs such as VMSs can provide important new information for researchers.
Perceived importance and difficulty of online activities among visually impaired persons in Nigeria
Published in Assistive Technology, 2020
Patrick Emeka Okonji, Olatokunbo Christopher Okiki, Darlington Ogwezzy
Overall, male respondents were less likely than female respondents to report the three activities (online banking, online shopping, and paying bills online) as difficult using screen readers. The use of screen readers to access the internet might not be a male-dominated activity among visually impaired individuals but stereotypically, males have been considered good with use of gadgets and historically reported as being more ICT-inclined than females (Margolis & Fisher, 2003) because women underestimate themselves in this regard (Dijk van Jan, 2006). With respect to difficulty of access to activities explored, younger adults reported fairly easier access to wide varieties of the domains. For both groups of participants in our study, the top three rated domains of difficulty with access were in online banking, online shopping and paying bills online. Remarkably, these activities were the top three activities reported by VIOA as relevant to their daily lives. As such, the findings not only provide a fine-grained assessment of internet activities of priority for visually impaired participants but also show aspects of internet use within which challenges of access for visually impaired users’ needs to be tackled. For example, our results indicate that both groups (VIA and VIOA) are interested in using online banking platforms. This suggests that if banks’ customer services are interested in the visually impaired population using their products, it would be beneficial for them to offer online transaction support that is easily accessible with the aid of screen readers. It is also important that the design of online services takes into account the needs of users with visual impairment, and easier solutions promoting accessible design of such services should be proffered. Our results also indicate that VIOA are interested in the use of screen readers to for health information seeking. Male respondents were, however, less likely to indicate interest in health information seeking. This finding is consistent with previous studies showing that men are less likely to admit weakness and seek medical attention (Mansfield, Addis, & Mahalik, 2003). With good training and support, healthcare practitioners might be able to leverage usage of online platforms to promote access to and other healthcare services.