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Precision or Personalized Medicine for Cancer Chemotherapy: Is There a Role for Herbal Medicine?
Published in Shaker A. Mousa, Raj Bawa, Gerald F. Audette, The Road from Nanomedicine to Precision Medicine, 2020
Zhijun Wang, Xuefeng Liu, Rebecca Lucinda Ka Yan Ho, Christopher Wai Kei Lam, Moses Sing Sum Chow
Among the currently available techniques as described above, the organotypic ex vivo test reported by Majumder et al. [44] appears to be the most useful. However, its technique is complicated compared to other in vitro tests. The CRC technique appears to be the simplest and fastest test available for determining cytotoxicity of various drugs including herbal compounds. The cells can be cultured in regular cell culture flask or plate. Afterwards, cytotoxicity of the compounds can be tested. The cell viability can also be tested by fluorescent and colorimetric cell viability assays (including tetrazolium-based assay (MTT), MTS cell proliferation assay, and sulforhodamine B assay) [51]. More recently, a technique for real time monitoring cell viability has been developed by detection of luminescent signal generate from the specific luciferase. If positive results are observed with a given compound, the bio-markers can be further evaluated using real time PCR, western blot or other immunological methods. Such biomarkers can further refine the clinical application when implementing the personalized cancer chemotherapy in the clinical practice [40].
Precision or Personalized Medicine for Cancer Chemotherapy: Is There a Role for Herbal Medicine?
Published in Shaker A. Mousa, Raj Bawa, Gerald F. Audette, The Road from Nanomedicine to Precision Medicine, 2019
Zhijun Wang, Xuefeng Liu, Rebecca Lucinda Ka Yan Ho, Christopher Wai Kei Lam, Moses Sing Sum Chow
Among the currently available techniques as described above, the organotypic ex vivo test reported by Majumder et al. [44] appears to be the most useful. However, its technique is complicated compared to other in vitro tests. The CRC technique appears to be the simplest and fastest test available for determining cytotoxicity of various drugs including herbal compounds. The cells can be cultured in regular cell culture flask or plate. Afterwards, cytotoxicity of the compounds can be tested. The cell viability can also be tested by fluorescent and colorimetric cell viability assays (including tetrazolium-based assay (MTT), MTS cell proliferation assay, and sulforhodamine B assay) [51]. More recently, a technique for real time monitoring cell viability has been developed by detection of luminescent signal generate from the specific luciferase. If positive results are observed with a given compound, the bio-markers can be further evaluated using real time PCR, western blot or other immunological methods. Such biomarkers can further refine the clinical application when implementing the personalized cancer chemotherapy in the clinical practice [40].
In Vitro: Limitations of the Main Cytotoxicity Assays
Published in Vineet Kumar, Nandita Dasgupta, Shivendu Ranjan, Nanotoxicology, 2018
Montserrat Mitjans, Daniele Rubert Nogueira-Librelotto, María Pilar Vinardell
The colorimetric MTT assay is a widely used cell viability assay based on reduction of the yellow tetrazolium dye 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) to a purple water-insoluble formazan in cells bearing intact mitochondria (Mosmann 1983). It has been improved and applied in numerous cytotoxicity studies, and employed to validate other methods and also to determine the toxicity of various kinds of nanomaterials. Other modified assays use tetrazolium salt viability assays, such as WST-1 (Water Soluble Tretazolium) and XTT, which reduce the viable cells to form the colored formazan molecule, or the dichlorofluorescein assay which uses a fluorescence measurement. However, the assay protocols described in the literature differ widely among them, and such discrepancies must be taken into account when comparing results reported by different laboratories (Kroll et al. 2009). Due to their optical properties, nanoparticles present in cell cultures may directly influence the readout by increasing light absorption, an effect which has already been demonstrated for sodium titanate nanoparticles (Davis et al. 2007).
The protective effect of stilbenes resveratrol and pterostilbene individually and combined with mycotoxin citrinin in human adenocarcinoma HT-29 cell line in vitro
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2020
Ivana Spevakova, Maria-Luisa Fernandez-Cruz, Katarina Tokarova, Hana Greifova, Marcela Capcarova
Cell viability assay was performed using the MTT, a colorimetric assay that measures the reduction of MTT by mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase. Viable cells are able to convert water-soluble yellow MTT into a water-insoluble purple formazan dye. The cells were seeded in 96-well plates with 2.5 × 104 cells/well and placed at 37 °C in a 5% CO2 humidified incubator for 24 h. After incubation, the cells were treated with different concentrations of CIT, RES, PTE (0.78, 1.56, 3.13, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 µg/mL), co-incubation CIT with RES (25 µg/mL) and CIT with PTE (3 µg/mL) for 24 h. Following the treatments, exposure medium was removed, the cells were rinsed with PBS, 100 μL of MTT solution (1 mg/mL tetrazolium salt) was dissolved in RPMI 1640 medium and added to each well. The plates were incubated under the dark conditions at 37 °C for 1 h. The MTT solution was removed and 150 μL of isopropanol was added to each well to dissolve the formazan crystals for 1 h on the shaker. After finished procedure, 100 μL of isopropanol was transferred to 96- well microtitration plate and optical density was determined at a wavelength of 570 nm against 620 nm by an ELISA reader (Multiscan FC, ThermoFisher Scientific, Finland). The data were expressed in percentage of control (Ctrl) set to 100%.
Ozonated Olive Oil with a High Peroxide Value for Topical Applications: In-Vitro Cytotoxicity Analysis with L929 Cells
Published in Ozone: Science & Engineering, 2018
Yasemin Günaydın, Handan Sevim, Deniz Tanyolaç, Özer A. Gürpınar
The evaluation of cytotoxic and cytostatic effects of a chemical compound is very important in order to determine the first risk assessment when working witih new biomaterials. Most current tests include the level of cell viability assays after exposure to a chemical compound or a biomaterial. Many cell culture techniques are used to assess cell damage caused by biomaterials. These methods are based on cell cultures with established or diploid cell lines and primary tissue explants techniques (Can et al. 2010). In the present study, morphological observation of L929 cells was initially performed under an inverted microscope. Control cells and OZ-Oo-treated cells showed a flattened fibroblastic morphology; however, the cells incubated with OZ-Gly showed visible changes in morphology such as an elongated and rounded shape (Figures 3a–3c). These morphological observations were consistent with the MTT results.
Evaluation of Nigella sativa oil loaded electrospun polyurethane nanofibrous mat as wound dressing
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2021
Cansu Aras, Elif Tümay Özer, Gökhan Göktalay, Gülbahar Saat, Esra Karaca
In vitro cytotoxicity (cell viability) assays are cell culture-based measuring methods that usually are used for either evaluating possible drug candidates or investigating the cytotoxic profiles of some biomaterials. Through these methods, it is possible to evaluate many nanofibrous mats in a short period of time and acquire the fundamental information necessary for further animal experiments. Thus, the assessment of cell viability was also important to determine the biocompatibility of the nanofibrous mats produced in this study.