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Whole-Body Vibration
Published in Neil J. Mansfield, Human Response to Vibration, 2004
The vestibular complex of the inner ear includes the semicircular canals and the vestibule, which are sensitive to rotational and linear acceleration, respectively (Figure 2.1). Endolymph in the three orthogonally orientated semicircular canals has inertia. Hence, when the head rotates, the endolymph applies a force on the gelatinous cupula, which bends and stimulates the embedded hair cells and thus the nerves to which they are attached. The vestibule is composed of two sacs, the utricle and the saccule. Hair cells within these sacs are embedded in a gelatinous substance that is topped with small calcium crystals (otoliths). When the head is exposed to linear acceleration, or when it changes its orientation to gravity, the mass of the otoliths causes a distortion of the hair cells, which again are connected to the nervous system.
The Human Ear
Published in David A. Bies, Colin H. Hansen, Engineering Noise Control, 2017
David A. Bies, Colin H. Hansen
The oval window at the entrance to the liquid-filled inner ear is connected to a small vestibule terminating in the semicircular canals and cochlea. The semicircular canals are concerned with balance and will be of no further concern here, except to remark that if the semicircular canals become involved, an ear infection can sometimes induce dizziness or uncertainty of balance.
Human Hearing and Noise Criteria
Published in David A. Bies, Colin H. Hansen, Carl Q. Howard, Engineering Noise Control, 2018
David A. Bies, Colin H. Hansen, Carl Q. Howard
The oval window at the entrance to the liquid-filled inner ear is connected to a small vestibule terminating in the semicircular canals and cochlea. The semicircular canals are concerned with balance and will be of no further concern here, except to remark that if the semicircular canals become involved, an ear infection can sometimes induce dizziness or vertigo.
A new method with an explant culture of the utricle for assessing the influence of exposure to low-frequency noise on the vestibule
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2020
Nobutaka Ohgami, Tingchao He, Reina Oshino-Negishi, Yishuo Gu, Xiang Li, Masashi Kato
The vestibule, which consists of hair cells covered by the otoconial membrane with otoconia in the saccule and utricle in the inner ears, is a sensory organ for balance. In previous studies, the influence of LFN exposure on vestibular function in humans was noted (Evans and Tempest 1972; Harrison 2015; Takigawa et al. 1988). In our studies, in vivo exposure to LFN was found to impair balance in mice, while there was no marked influence on hearing (Tamura et al. 2012; Ohgami et al., 2017; Ninomiya et al. 2018). Chen et al. (2020) presented in vitro a cell line for screening of preventive drugs for noise-induced hearing loss. However, preventive methods for LFN-mediated imbalance have not been fully developed. At present, there is no apparent technique with in vitro or ex vivo assessments to effectively evaluate LFN-mediated imbalance by direct administration of preventive chemicals in the vestibule.
Gaze Interaction With Vibrotactile Feedback: Review and Design Guidelines
Published in Human–Computer Interaction, 2020
Jussi Rantala, Päivi Majaranta, Jari Kangas, Poika Isokoski, Deepak Akkil, Oleg Špakov, Roope Raisamo
A third major type of eye movement is called smooth pursuit. Smooth pursuit allows us to continuously track a moving object and to track a stationary object while we ourselves are moving. When the head is moving, the eye movements are guided by the vestibule-ocular reflex, which utilizes information from balance organs in the head. When the head is not moving, smooth pursuit is generated based on visual information only. Smooth pursuit movements are often accompanied with corrective saccades, to keep up with the motion.
Smart platform for the analysis of cupula deformation caused by otoconia presence within SCCs
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2019
Radun Vulović, Milica Nikolić, Nenad Filipović
In terms of sensory sense, vestibular apparatus consists of two parts:the vestibule – in which linear accelerations are being detected. Sensory parts are maculas;the semicircular canals – in which rotational accelerations are being detected. Sensory parts are cupulae.