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Bayesian Nonparametric Mixture Models
Published in Sylvia Frühwirth-Schnatter, Gilles Celeux, Christian P. Robert, Handbook of Mixture Analysis, 2019
Example 6.2 (T-cell receptors)Guindani et al. (2014) consider data on counts of distinct T-cell receptors. The diversity of T-cell receptor types is an important characteristic of the immune system. A common summary of the diversity is the clonal-size distribution. The clonal-size distribution is the table of frequencies Fy^ of counts y = 1, 2, …, n. For example, F2^ = 11 means that there were 11 distinct T-cell receptors that were observed twice, etc. Table 6.1 shows the observed frequencies for one of the experiments considered in Guindani et al. (2014).
Bioartificial organs
Published in Ronald L. Fournier, Basic Transport Phenomena in Biomedical Engineering, 2017
The T-lymphocytes are the other major cell type that forms the basis of the cell-mediated immune response. The T cells are characterized by the presence of an antigen-specific T cell receptor, or TcR. The TcR consists of an antigen-recognizing molecule called Ti in close association with another polypeptide complex called CD3. The T cells, unlike the B cells, are not, however, activated by free antigen. T cell activation requires that the antigen be presented by other cells such as macrophages or other B cells. These cells that present antigen to the T cells are collectively called accessory cells or antigen-presenting cells (APCs).
Introduction to basic immunology and vaccine design
Published in Amine Kamen, Laura Cervera, Bioprocessing of Viral Vaccines, 2023
Alaka Mullick, Shantoshini Dash
Each T-cell has a T-cell receptor, and each T-cell receptor recognizes a different epitope of an antigen. T-cell receptors, similar to antibodies, recognize an antigen with very high specificity. As shown in Figure 3.11, the T-cell receptor is made up of two 43 kDa chains, α and β, held together by a disulfide bond. Each chain spans the plasma membrane and has a short cytoplasmic tail. Much like the heavy and light chains making up antibodies, α and β chains also possess variable and constant regions and the antigen-binding region is made up by the variable region.
A complete immunoglobulin-based artificial immune system algorithm for two-stage assembly flowshop scheduling problem with part splitting and distinct due windows
Published in International Journal of Production Research, 2019
In gene rearrangement of the natural adaptive immunity, B-cell receptors and T-cell receptors are expressed diversely as a result of different combinations of V and J gene segments being brought together. In C-IAIS, a receptor with the smallest objective function value in the current generation is used to be a standard string. For other receptors, a number of products are randomly selected and then they are inserted to the position that they are in the standard string.