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Application of Microbial Enzymes in Industry and Antibiotic Production
Published in Pankaj Bhatt, Industrial Applications of Microbial Enzymes, 2023
Rishendra Kumar, Lokesh Tripathi, Pankaj Bhatt
Antibiotic production has increased due to the increasing number of drug-resistant pathogens. Therefore, there are new startup companies that have improved the model for antibiotic production and marketing (Reed et al., 2002). Semi-synthetic aminoglycoside antibiotics include amikacin, netilmicin, and isepamicin, which were developed to shield against resistance organisms (Miller et al., 1976; Leggett, 2015) (Van Bambeke et al., 2017). Neomycin was produced by immobilized Streptomyces fradiae (Srinivasulu et al., 2003), used as antibacterial agents. Most of the penicillin is converted into effective antibiotics, like ampicillin, amoxicillin, and cephalexin, through chemical synthesis. These converted antibiotics have improved the efficacy or pharmacokinetic properties.
Enhanced degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid by a genome shuffling-modified Pseudomonas parafulva YAB-1
Published in Environmental Technology, 2019
Langbo Yi, Qingzhong Peng, Deming Liu, Lulu Zhou, Chongjian Tang, Yaoyu Zhou, Liyuan Chai
Genome shuffling is an efficient method for breeding microorganisms of desirable phenotypes without knowing their genetic background [24]. In this process, improved mutants are obtained by mutagenic adaptation. The pooled population is shuffled by homologous recombination using protoplast fusion to allow recombination. This procedure allows rapid evolution of strains with multiple beneficial mutations [25]. Since its successful application in increasing the production of polyketide antibiotic tylosin in Streptomyces fradiae [26], genome shuffling has been used to improve bioactive secondary metabolites [27], degradation ratio of organic substance [28], and endurance to environment [29]. The method is, in principle, applicable to the improvement of PFOA degradation in uncharacterized microorganism.