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Role of Microbes in Environmental Sustainability and Food Preservation
Published in Ram Chandra, R.C. Sobti, Microbes for Sustainable Development and Bioremediation, 2019
Huang En, Ravi Kr. Gupta, Fangfei Lou, Sun Hee Moon
In addition to food application, lantibiotics are promising candidates for treating bacterial infections. For example, nisin is active against drug-resistant pathogens, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), and Clostridium difficile (Piper, Cotter, Ross, & Hill, 2009). Actagardine is a 19-amino-acid class II lantibiotic, which is produced by Actinoplanes garbadinensis (Boakes, Cortés, Appleyard, Rudd, & Dawson, 2009). The semisynthetic derivative of this lantibiotic(deoxyl-actagardine, NVB302) with selective activity against C. difficile has been tested in phase I clinical trial (Shi, Bueno, & van der Donk, 2012). Lantibiotic salivaricin A is produced by a probiotic strain Streptococcus salivarius K12. This lantibiotic-producing strain has been used in lozenges to suppress the oral bacteria implicated in halitosis (Burton, Wescombe, Moore, Chilcott, & Tagg, 2006).
Personnel and Their Impact on Clean Room Operations
Published in Sandeep Nema, John D. Ludwig, Parenteral Medications, 2019
Pathogenic cocci are frequently found in the nose and ear, as are diplococci and Hemophilus. Other microorganisms are commonly found in the oral cavity, such as Streptococcus salivarius, Lactobacilli species, and C. albicans. The contamination levels present in saliva are about 108 microbes/mL. Organisms originating in the intestinal tract include anaerobic, non-sporulating rods (putrefactive bacteria), and Gram-positive Lactobacilli. While aerobic microorganisms can be present, they tend to be much fewer. When present, typical organisms are coliforms: Proteus, Enterococci, and Staphylococci [14].
Next-generation DNA sequencing of oral microbes at the Sir John Walsh Research Institute: technologies, tools and achievements
Published in Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 2020
Nicholas C. K. Heng, Jo-Ann L. Stanton
Our most recent NGS-based microbial profiling study has been to look at the oral microbiota of patients wearing orthondontic appliances (braces) (Benic 2016). One of the common occurrences in orthodontics has been the development of white spot lesions (dental caries) where the braces are placed. It was therefore of interest whether the use of a bacteriocin-producing oral probiotic (Streptococcus salivarius M18) would help prevent caries development. A much larger cohort of 64 participants (32 given a placebo and 32 given the oral probiotic) was sampled and the microbiota analysed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing using the Illumina MiSeq platform. No significant differences were apparent between the oral microbiotas of participants given the placebo or probiotic (Benic 2016) although the occurrence of halitosis seemed to be reduced in those given the probiotic (Benic et al. 2019). NGS, therefore, did not appear to be particularly informative in this study and the clinical outcomes would undoubtedly be due to multiple factors at play.