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Synthesis of Nanomaterials Using Biosurfactants
Published in Mahendra Rai, Patrycja Golińska, Microbial Nanotechnology, 2020
Paulo Ricardo Franco Marcelino, Fernanda Gonçalves Barbosa, Mariete Barbosa Moreira, Talita Martins Lacerda, Silvio Silvério da Silva
Sophorolipids are glycolipidic biosurfactants produced by yeasts, mainly Starmerella (Candida) bombicola strains. According to Kulakovskaya and Kulakovskaya (2014), these biosurfactants are formed by a residue of sophorose (disaccharide consisting of two glucose residues linked by the β-1,2 glycosidic bond) and a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid (C16–C22). In some cases, these glycolipids exhibit different degree of acetylation and hydroxylation, respectively, in the glycidic and lipidic portions. Sophorolipids can be produced by microorganisms in the acidic form (with a carboxyl group) or in the lactonic form (with a lactone group).
Industrial Applications of Biosurfactants
Published in Devarajan Thangadurai, Jeyabalan Sangeetha, Industrial Biotechnology, 2017
Shilpa Mujumdar, Shradha Bashetti, Sheetal Pardeshi, Rebecca S. Thombre
The bio-surfactant sophorolipid has been used as a capping and reducing agent in silver nanoparticle synthesis. Sophorolipids are molecules with a sophorose – a dimeric glucose – attached to ω or ω – 1 carbon of fatty acids (oleic acid, stearic acid, etc.). The final sophorolipid capped nanoparticles fall in the category of glyconanoparticles. These glyconanoparticles are being investigated for their potential application as cell mimicks (Kasture et al., 2008). Rhamnolipids from Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain BS–161R have been reported for synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The purified rhamnolipids in a pseudoternary system of n-heptane and water system along with n-butanol as a cosurfactant when added to the aqueous solutions of silver nitrate and sodium borohydride, form reverse micelles. When these micelles are mixed, they resulted in the rapid formation of silver nanoparticles (Kumar et al., 2013). Similarly functionalized iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles have been synthesized by using biosurfactant surfactin and rhamnolipid. The functionalization results in a dramatic alteration in the surface potential and hydrodynamic size due to the presence of coated moieties on the nanoparticle interface. Accordingly, surfactin and rhamnolipid coated nanoparticles were found to be cytotoxic and biocompatible (Sangeeta et al., 2013). A novel method for synthesis of NiO2 nanoparticles using rhamnolipid biosurfactant for microemulsion synthesis has been demonstrated which offers an eco-friendly alternative to conventional microemulsion technique based oil organic surfactants (Palanisamy et al., 2009). Surfactin, a renewable, environmentally compatible, biodegradable surfactant has also been reported as a stabilizing agent for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Reddy et al., 2009).
Biosurfactants aided bioremediation mechanisms: A mini-review
Published in Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal, 2022
Marzieh Sajadi Bami, Mohammad Amin Raeisi Estabragh, Mandana Ohadi, Ibrahim M Banat, Gholamreza Dehghannoudeh
Sophorolipids are extra cellular glycolipids consist of a dimeric carbohydrate sophorose linked to a long-chain hydroxy fatty acid by a glycosidic bond. These biosurfactants are a mixture of at least six to nine different congeners, and showed application related to the oil bioremediation (Elshafie et al. 2015; Van Bogaert et al. 2007). The purified sophorolipids were more surface active, less water soluble and showed stronger cytotoxic effects. Although, sophorolipids can lower surface and interfacial tension, they are not effective emulsifying agents (de Oliveira et al. 2014). Sophorolipids are produced mainly by yeasts such as Torulopsis bombicola, T. petrophilum and T. apicola (Amaral et al. 2010; Campos-Takaki, Sarubbo, and Albuquerque 2010; Shekhar, Sundaramanickam, and Balasubramanian 2015).
Surfactants of microbial origin as antibiofilm agents
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2021
Katarzyna Paraszkiewicz, Magdalena Moryl, Grażyna Płaza, Diksha Bhagat, Surekha K. Satpute, Przemysław Bernat
Sophorolipids are secreted by non-pathogenic yeast (e.g. Candida bombicola and C. apicola) and molecules of these biosurfactants contain sugar sophorose linked to the fatty acid. Antimicrobial properties and biofilm disruption activity of sophorolipid biosurfactants were investigated by De Rienzo et al. (2015) against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive strains. The obtained data revealed that sophorolipids at a concentration of 5% v/v inhibited bacterial growth of Cupriavidus necator ATCC 17699 and B. subtilis BBK006 and also disrupted biofilms of single as well as of mixed B. subtilis BBK006 and S. aureus ATCC 9144 cultures. Haque et al. (2017) showed that sophorolipids inhibited C. albicans biofilm formation and reduced the viability of preformed biofilms. Moreover, the mixture of sophorolipids with amphotericin B or fluconazole acted synergistically against Candida biofilms. Observations performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) revealed the absence of hyphae and alterations in the morphology of biofilm cells. It was also found that studied biosurfactants down regulated the expression of hypha specific genes including HWP1, ALS1, ALS3, ECE1 and SAP4.