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Treatment of acute contrast reactions
Published in William H. Bush, Karl N. Krecke, Bernard F. King, Michael A. Bettmann, Radiology Life Support (Rad-LS), 2017
Acute reactions occurring after systemic administration of contrast media are quite variable, and include nausea or vomiting, scattered to extensive urticaria, laryngeal edema, bronchospasm, isolated hypotension with or without compensatory tachycardia (compensatory tachycardia may be lacking in patients taking beta-adrenergic blockers), hypotension and sinus bradycardia (vagal reaction), generalized systemic anaphylactoid reaction (which may include severe bronchospasm, laryngeal edema and hypotension), angina, hypertension, convulsions and cardiopulmonary arrest. These various reactions may occur either as an isolated manifestation or in a variety of combinations, and serious life-threatening reactions may occur without specific preliminary symptoms.30 Acute airway obstruction and hypotension are the most threatening manifestations of anaphylactoid reactions.28 A vagal reaction with hypotension and sinus bradycardia frequently occurs independently of contrast material administration.
Animal and Plant Toxins
Published in Lorris G. Cockerham, Barbara S. Shane, Basic Environmental Toxicology, 2019
Jason S. Albertson, Frederick W. Oehme
Humans have been fatally poisoned by eating the berries, chewing on leaves or flowers, or drinking water from vases in which digitalis-containing plants such as lily-of-the-valley (Convallaria majalis), foxglove (Digitalis purpurea), or oleander (Nerium oleander) are being displayed. Initially there is a local irritation to the mouth followed by vomiting. In contrast to the effects of pure cardiac glycosides, poisoning by these plants is associated with diarrhea and abdominal pain due to the presence of saponins and other irritants. Acute intoxication is manifest as a defect in cardiac conduction, sinus bradycardia, and hyperkalemia (Table 10.3).
Organochlorine Compounds
Published in Fina P. Kaloyanova, Mostafa A. El Batawi, Human Toxicology of Pesticides, 2019
Fina P. Kaloyanova, Mostafa A. El Batawi
The most frequent complaints were headaches, fatigability, dispnea at physical effort, irritability, pains in the heart area, stinging in the epigastrium, itching, and eruptions on the open body surfaces. An examination of the cardiovascular system revealed dull heart tones and a systolic murmur on the top with functional character. The ECG showed sinus bradycardia, in some cases sinus arhythmia, disturbed ventricular auricle conductance, and dystrophic myocardial changes in 97% of the cases. Hainz bodies in erythrocytes and eosinopenia were also found.
Tests for the identification of reflex syncope mechanism
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2023
Michele Brignole, Giulia Rivasi, Artur Fedorowski, Marcus Ståhlberg, Antonella Groppelli, Andrea Ungar
A reflex mechanism is likely when the following ECG findings are recorded during spontaneous syncope [18,54]: Progressive sinus bradycardia or initial sinus tachycardia followed by progressive sinus bradycardia until sinus arrest; orProgressive sinus bradycardia followed by AV block (and ventricular pause/s) with concomitant decrease in sinus rate; orRapid decrease in heart rate <40 bpm or >30% for >10 sSudden onset AV block (and ventricular pause/s) with constant P-P cycle, in absence of bundle branch block or structural heart disease (‘low adenosine’ idiopathic AV block [19])
The 12-lead electrocardiogram of the elite female footballer as defined by different interpretation criteria across the competitive season
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2022
Barbara Morrison, Aleah Mohammad, David Oxborough, John Somauroo, Sarah Lindsay, Aimee L. Drane, Rob Shave, Keith George
All ECG parameters were within normal ranges except resting heart rate (lower than normative values) (Table 2). A total of 65 (80%) athletes displayed training-related ECG patterns. The most common training-related patterns were sinus bradycardia (65%), early repolarisation (42%) and/or sinus arrhythmia (15%) (Table 3). Approximately 25% (20/81) of the athletes were considered to have an abnormal ECG according to the ESC recommendations (Table 4). The ECG abnormalities were long QTc Interval (2.5%), short QTc Interval (16%) and intraventricular conduction delay (1.2%), right ventricular hypertrophy (2.5%) and T-wave inversion (2.5%). In comparison to the ESC recommendations, both the Seattle Criteria and International Criteria reduced the number of abnormal ECGs from 25% to 0% (Table 4).
What Are the Users’ Needs? Design of a User-Centered Explainable Artificial Intelligence Diagnostic System
Published in International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 2023
Xin He, Yeyi Hong, Xi Zheng, Yong Zhang
This component is designed to answer the following user’s explanation needs in terms of diagnostic results: “What are the meanings and indications of the predictions?,” “Are the predicted results normal or abnormal (how to map abnormal results to their clinical meaning)?,” “How bad did the predictions turn out?,” “What is the generality of the predictions?,” and “How accurate/precise/reliable are the predictions?” The current diagnosis results are displayed on the upper side of the interface. For example, Figure 5 shows the diagnosis result as sinus bradycardia with sinus arrhythmia. According to Zhang et al. (2020), intuitive gist information (e.g., are the predicted results normal or abnormal?) should be provided in a way that patients can understand and grasp. So we explicitly indicate that the result is “abnormal” on the interface. The certainty and severity of the diagnosis are shown below the diagnosis results. We adopted van der Waa et al. (2018)’s method to measure certainty. They propose an intuitive certainty measure (ICM) that produces an estimate of how certain a machine learning model is for a specific output, based on errors it has made in the past. It is designed to be easily explainable to non-experts and to act in a predictable, reproducible way. Their results are presented as percentages, and to be closer to the way humans communicate, we use bar graphs to visualize the results and define the results in natural language into 5 intervals: 0–20% is very low, 20–40% is low, 40–60% is medium, 60–80% is high, and 80–100% is very high. We also use text to explain more about what the disease means (such as a description of the disease, how common it is, etc.).