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Health Promotion
Published in Barry L. Johnson, Impact of Hazardous Waste on Human Health, 2020
Criterion 6. There must exist an accepted treatment, intervention, or both, for the condition (outcome or marker of exposure), and a referral system should be in place prior to the initiation of a medical monitoring program. There should be established criteria for determining who would receive referral for intervention or treatment. These criteria are based on the selected effect being screened for and the screening test being used. Results are evaluated by the ATSDR longitudinally and cross-sectionally to identify any changes in the system or screening tools that require follow-up (Gochfeld, 1990). A referral mechanism should exist so that those who are eligible for the intervention can be referred to a qualified health care provider for further diagnosis, treatment, or intervention. Under CERCLA, the referral must be for treatment or intervention that is standard practice and not experimental in nature. The medical monitoring (screening) program is not responsible for the cost of the referral, the intervention, or the treatment of individuals participating in the program.
The operational perspective
Published in Paul Walter Odomirok, Healthcare Affordability, 2018
Revenue cycle is the customary Business System in Healthcare institutions that collects the revenue and functions regularly manage profitability. The usual steps, stages, and processes for this system involve: A Patient requires a healthcare service, and it is initiated by a referral from a physician.The Patient’s appointment for the service is scheduled.The service is rendered by the organization and the patient is released or discharged.The insurance and payment provider is billed for the service.The service is paid for, and the revenue cycle is complete.
Urban Land Administration—A Digital Paradigm
Published in Rajabifard Abbas, Atazadeh Behnam, Kalantari Mohsen, BIM and Urban Land Administration, 2019
Rajabifard Abbas, Atazadeh Behnam, Kalantari Mohsen
According to the above assessment, the city council may undertake the following activities: Referral of planning application: If the city council decides whether there is any referral required for the proposed subdivision, a copy of the proposal is sent to the relevant referral authorities (State Government of Victoria 2016b). These authorities, such as utility companies, are likely to hold interests over easements and restrictions which are to be created, varied, or removed by the proposed subdivision. In addition, the referral process ensures that responsibilities and assets of referral authorities are not adversely affected by the proposed subdivision. The referral authority should respond to referrals within 28 days after receiving the referrals. If additional information is required by the referral authority, the city council should be informed within 21 days of receipt of the referrals. Once the referral authority is given the additional information, it has, again, 28 days to provide responses to the requested referrals. In responding to referrals, a referral authority advises the city council whether it agrees or disagrees with granting the permit. In some circumstances, when the referral authority concurs with the granting of the permit, it requests the city council to include some conditions in the permit.Request for additional information: In cases where the city council considers that the information provided within the planning permit application is not sufficient to allow it to make a decision on the planning application, it can request the land surveyor to provide the city council or a referral authority with additional information (State Government of Victoria 1987, 108); (State Government of Victoria 1987).Public notification: Once the city council is satisfied with the information provided in the planning permit application, it may send a notification to any other party that is detrimentally affected by the grant of the planning permit. In most cases, this includes the owners and residents of lots adjoining the proposed subdivision (State Government of Victoria 1987).
COVID-19: a pandemic challenging healthcare systems
Published in IISE Transactions on Healthcare Systems Engineering, 2021
Lidong Wang, Cheryl Ann Alexander
Patients with telemedicine equipment, especially patients who are good at using telemedicine are encouraged to first try telemedicine approaches to get medical solutions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Primary hospitals (with challenges in treating COVID-19 due to limited medical resources for COVID-19) are recommended for patients who are close to these hospitals and have minor issues with COVID-19. Telemedicine at a basic level is recommended for these patients and primary hospitals. If physicians in the primary hospitals cannot get medical solutions to the patients’ problems, they can transmit testing and diagnosis results to secondary hospitals (with more medical resources) or tertiary hospitals (with highly specialized equipment and expertise) via telemedicine to get help and solutions. Patients from primary hospitals can be referred to specialists in higher hospitals for better treatment. Similarly, secondary hospitals can also get help from tertiary hospitals via telemedicine. Due to limited ICU beds and too many patients with COVID-19 in hospitals, all hospitals (especially secondary hospitals and tertiary hospitals) are recommended for expanding telemedicine services and programs during the critical time of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Civilian-military pooling of health care resources in Haiti: a theory of complementarities perspective
Published in International Journal of Production Research, 2018
Michael Naor, Asoke Dey, Susan Meyer Goldstein, Yitzhak Rosen
The selection of cases captures the breadth of public and private organisations (Goldstein and Naor 2005). Specifically, our cases encompass the domain of organisational types (civilian, military), affiliations (university, government, public/private), medical facility types (primary, secondary, tertiary care), as well as a variety of response times and durations of stay. Primary care is physician-based care, secondary care means accepting patient referrals from other physicians, and tertiary care is provided by physician specialists. Table 1 summarises the case study FFH characteristics. The case sampling strategy was to capture a comprehensive array of FFHs based on distinguishing characteristics that represent the breadth of organisations involved in disaster humanitarian health care aid. For example, Israel Defence Forces (IDF) has more than three decades of experience deploying field hospitals to disaster areas worldwide. USNS COMFORT is a unique facility capable of providing specialised surgeries. Red Cross has experience in educating local populations to prevent disease outbreaks and rebuilding local health care systems. University of Miami arrived first in Haiti because of its proximity. F.I.R.ST. deploys tents across disaster areas to provide primary care for short durations of time. We discontinued adding cases to our study set once we achieved representation in the organisational categories in Table 1, as well as when finding our interviewees were providing redundant information. We conducted within-case analysis in which each case is described objectively for internal consistency, and afterwards, carried out post hoc cross-case analysis to verify results.