China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
paniculata (C.B. Clarke) Munir Leaves on Various Gastric Aggressive Factors
Published in Parimelazhagan Thangaraj, Phytomedicine, 2020
P. S. Sreeja, K. Arunachalam, Parimelazhagan Thangaraj
In addition, another class of drugs that was introduced include the proton pump inhibitors (inhibits H+, K+-ATPase pathway in parietal cells) represented by omeprazole, lansoprazole, rabeprazole, pantoprazole, and omeprazole. These drugs were considered as effective in minimizing acid secretion and cellular restitution during the treatment of gastric ulcers (Palileo and Kaunitz 2011). The process for decreasing acid in the gastric environment by these drugs occurs through the acid secretory canaliculi of the parietal cell. By this action, the inactivation of the proton pump occurs via the formation of disulfide bonds between the structure of the drugs and the protein structure of said pump. Its active form, cyclic sulfenamide or sulfenic acid, reacts by covalently binding to the sulfhydryl group of the proton pump extracellular domain cysteine, which enables the inhibition of the hydrochloric acid secretion. However, this type of drug therapy causes side effects, such as lower vitamin B12 and iron absorption, hypergastrinemia, thrombocytopenia, risk of pneumonia, headaches, nausea, weakness, diarrhea, and gastric cancer, as well as a greater susceptibility to bone fractures (Dacha et al. 2015; Singh et al. 2018).
Bacteriorhodopsin Protein
Published in George K. Knopf, Amarjeet S. Bassi, Smart Biosensor Technology, 2018
The basic mechanism for producing a displacement, force, or pressure is the expansion and contraction of the hydrogel microactuator shell in response to ΔpH of the surrounding medium. To externally drive the volumetric transitions, a light-sensitive proton pump is used to generate a unidirectional flow of hydrogen ions through the nano-porous membrane that increases or reduces the pH of the two separated ionic solutions. The pH gradient generates an ion concentration difference between the inside and outside of the hydrogel network, causing some H+ ions to move across the gel and thereby producing an osmotic pressure difference across the hydrogel structure. If the produced osmotic pressure by ion movement into the hydrogel exceeds the outside pressure, the internal forces will cause the tangled networks of crosslinked polymer chains to expand outward and the gel to swell. If the polymeric hydrogel is immersed in a suitable ionic solution, then the polymer chains will absorb water and the association, dissociation, and binding of the ions to these networks will drive the hydrogel structure to enlarge, producing a usable microforce.
Geometry of Purple Membranes in Aqueous Medium
Published in Stoyl P. Stoylov, Maria V. Stoimenova, Molecular and Colloidal Electro-Optics, 2016
Czégé was the first to suggest bending of PM induced by the pH of the medium [12,46]. His conclusions are based on change in light scattering of PM suspensions during the photocycle at varying pH and viscosity of the medium. According to him PMs are bent with their cytoplasmic surface inwards at pH<5 or outwards at pH>5, and at pH≈5 they are planar because of surface charge symmetry. He explains the photoinduced curvature change with conformational changes in bR and the local change of pH because of proton pump. Czégé has calculated the form‐factor as a function of curvature for spherically and cylindrically bent membranes with a fixed orientation [12,47]. It is to be regretted that these calculations are erroneous, as one can see when comparing his form‐factor at the two extreme curvature values with the analytical formulas for plane disks and a spherical shell. Besides, Czégé’s experiment is complicated to interpret and, probably, that is why his studies have not received due appreciation. The later studies of Czégé et al. [48,49] describe the kinetics of photoinduced change in light scattering but do not contribute to the solution of the problem with the curvature in dark.
Analytical and electroanalytical techniques in the determination of (Fe+2) results from iron corrosion: effect of omeprazole drugs as green inhibitors
Published in Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews, 2021
The survey of literature reveals that omeprazole drug belongs to a group of medicines called proton-pump inhibitor (PPI); it is a medication used in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease, peptic ulcer disease, and Zollinger–Ellison syndrome. It is also used to prevent upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people who are at high risk. It can be taken orally or injected into a vein (37). Omeprazole contains oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur heteroatoms in addition to active substituted aromatic groups and a tri-coordinated sulfinyl sulfur in a pyramidal structure, as shown in Figure 1. So the use of Omeprazole ampules as green corrosion inhibitors gives promise.
World Trade Center Health Program best practices for the diagnosis and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease
Published in Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health, 2023
Ruth A. Lin, Geoffrey M. Calvert, Iris G. Udasin
PPIs suppress acid production by irreversibly blocking the H+K+-ATPase proton pump in gastric parietal cells. As a result, PPIs raise the pH of the gastric reflux into the esophagus. H2RAs compete for histamine receptors in the gastric parietal cells and block acid production. Decreased acidity limits the damage of the gastric reflux in the esophagus. Summaries of the mechanism of action and scientific basis of these medications are available.16,17