Premature chromosome condensation

Radiobiology and Hadron Therapy

Published in Manjit Dosanjh, Jacques Bernier, Advances in Particle Therapy, 2018

Enhanced double-strand breaks in DNA molecules were identified as a prominent feature of decreased repair capacities after exposure to densely-ionizing radiations (Roots et al., 1989, 1990). The number of particle-radiation-induced breaks in chromatin fibers were visualized by premature chromosome condensation (Goodwin et al., 1989, 1992, 1994, 1996), and chromosomal damage was scored with traditional Giemsa-stained techniques and analyses as well as by visualizing specific chromosomes with re-arrangements identifications made possible with fluorescently-labeled immune probes. In addition, pulse field gel electrophoresis studies revealed that high LET particle damage increased the production of small DNA fragments (Rydberg, 1996); however, until very recently, technical limitations in imaging resolution have prevented the visualisation of megabase 3D domains of chromatin fibers in intact cells.

Overview of biological mechanisms of human carcinogens

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Journal Information

Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2019

Nicholas Birkett, Mustafa Al-Zoughool, Michael Bird, Robert A. Baan, Jan Zielinski, Daniel Krewski

Carcinogenic mechanisms reflect those of the specific chemical exposures. Several studies among workers in the rubber-manufacturing industry provided evidence of chromosomal aberrations, sister-chromatid exchange, micronucleus formation, premature chromosome condensation, DNA breakage, DNA-adduct formation, mutagenicity in urine, and mutation in the HPRT gene. For each of these endpoints, in most studies a positive response was observed in exposed workers compared with non-exposed controls.

Premature chromosome condensation

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Radiobiology and Hadron Therapy

Overview of biological mechanisms of human carcinogens