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Head and neck
Published in David A Lisle, Imaging for Students, 2012
Salivary gland tumours may be classified as follows:BenignBenign mixed tumour (pleomorphic adenoma)Adenolymphoma (Warthin’s tumour)MalignantAdenoid cystic carcinoma (cylindroma)Mucoepidermoid carcinoma.
The interplay between DNA methylation and cardiac autonomic system functioning: a systematic review
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2023
Nayara Cristina Dos Santos Oliveira, Fernanda Serpeloni, Simone Gonçalves de Assis
Overall, thirty-three candidate loci were evaluated in different functions: Stress response cascade: Genes involved in the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis, such as three glucocorticoid pathway genes – NR3C1 (the nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1) (de Rooij et al. 2012; Li-Tempel et al. 2016; Monk et al. 2016; Aghagoli et al. 2020), the co-chaperone of the glucocorticoid receptor – FKBP5 (FK506-binding protein 5), an enzyme that inactivates glucocorticoids – HSD11B2 (hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase subtype 2) (Monk et al. 2016), as well as OXTR (oxytocin receptor) (Lancaster et al. 2018).Genes involved in the renin−angiotensin system: ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) (Wang et al. 2016; Xia et al. 2018), Ace2 (angiotensin I converting enzyme 2) (Mukerjee et al. 2017), Ace1 (angiotensin I converting enzyme 1) (Chu et al. 2015), EDN1 (endothelin-1) (Tobaldini et al. 2018; Xia et al. 2018), and Agt (angiotensinogen) (Chu et al. 2015).Inflammatory pathway genes: IFNγ (interferon γ), SATalpha (Spermidine/Spermine N1-Acetyltransferase Alpha), eNOS and iNOS (endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthase), ICAM (intercellular adhesion molecule 1), TLR2 (toll-like receptor 2), TLR4 (toll-like receptor 4), and IL-6 (interleukin 6) (Tobaldini et al. 2018).Hypoxia signaling pathway-related: EPAS1 (endothelial PAS domain protein 1), EPO (erythropoietin), PPARa (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha), RXRa (retinoid X receptor-alpha) and long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1) (Childebayeva et al. 2019).Others: ANRIL (Antisense non-coding RNA in the INK4 locus) related to coronary heart disease (Murray et al. 2016). Plagl1 (pleomorphic adenoma gene-like 1) and H19 (H19 Imprinted Maternally Expressed Transcript) are placental imprinting genes (Xu et al. 2017). Transposable elements Alu and LINE-1 were related to air pollutant exposure (Fan et al. 2014; Wang et al. 2016; Tobaldini et al. 2018).