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History of rehabilitation engineering
Published in Alex Mihailidis, Roger Smith, Rehabilitation Engineering, 2023
Gerald Weisman, Gerry Dickerson
Reswick describes the “bioengineer” as someone who is typically trained to teach, perform, and lead research in the medical and biological fields emphasizing the engineering aspects. Except in the context of the research being performed, the bioengineer is rarely concerned with the direct care of patients. According to Reswick, the medical engineer applies “engineering in a direct way which improves patient care in the long run and often is directed to the specific problem of a particular patient.” The medical engineer works closely with physicians and other medical and healthcare professionals. The clinical engineer focuses primarily on the equipment and technology used for therapy and diagnosis in the healthcare environment.
Nazis, Teleology, and the Freedom of Conscience: In Response to Gamble and Pruski’s ‘Medical Acts and Conscientious Objection: What Can a Physician be Compelled to Do?’
Published in The New Bioethics, 2019
According to Gamble and Pruski (2019, generally), there are two classes of act that a physician might perform; medical acts, and those that are merely socio-clinical in nature. The distinction between these is that the ‘ultimate end of medical acts is always health’ whilst a socio-clinical act is one that a physician performs by virtue of ‘their medical knowledge and skill.’ The difference in them is that the first class ‘seek the health of the patient’ whilst the second ‘are undertaken in the absence of pathology or do not treat the symptoms of a pathology but are undertaken to, e.g. facilitate social desires.’ A medical act, then, requires all of the following elements: A physician (a medical practitioner in the broadest sense);A ‘particular patient’;Identification ‘of condition that may harm or is already harming [a] patient’s health’; anda course of action for that patient (an intervention) to minister to the patient and avoid, eliminate, or mitigate the pathology’
Concussion clinic presentation and symptom duration for pediatric sports-related concussions following Ohio concussion law
Published in Research in Sports Medicine, 2019
Steven C. Cuff, Kathryn Coxe, Julie A. Young, Hongmei Li, Honggang Yi, Jingzhen Yang
Concussion, a form of mild traumatic brain injury, is increasingly recognized as a major public health concern among youth athletes (Langlois, Rutland-Brown, & Wald, 2006). Each year, approximately 1.1 to 1.9 million sports- and recreation-related concussions occur in youth ages 18 and younger in the United States (U.S.) (Bryan, Rowhani-Rahbar, Comstock, & Rivara, 2016). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have identified children and young adults ages 4–24 years among the highest risk groups for sustaining sports-related concussions (Taylor, Bell, Breiding, & Xu, 2017). From 2001–2010, the number of pediatric emergency department (ED) visits for concussions increased 133% (Colvin et al., 2013); still, concussions are widely under-reported or unrecognized (Chrisman, Quitiquit, & Rivara, 2013). A recent study showed that nearly one third of athletes who visited a concussion clinic had sustained previously undiagnosed concussions (Meehan, Mannix, O’Brien, & Collins, 2013). Untreated concussions can contribute to persistent post-concussive symptoms and functional impairments, and can lead to decreased physical health-related quality of life in children. (Baugh, Stamm et al. 2012; Guskiewicz et al., 2005; Mez et al., 2017; Moran et al., 2012; Yeates et al., 2012, 2009). To combat under-reporting and mitigate negative concussion consequences, the first U.S. state concussion law was passed in Washington State in 2009, known as the Lystedt Law. Since then, all 50 states and the District of Columbia in the U.S. have enacted their respective state concussion laws. The three main tenets of these laws include: 1) mandatory education regarding concussion symptoms for coaches, parents, and athletes, 2) mandatory removal from play following suspected concussions, and 3) written permission to return to play by a licensed health professional (Harvey, 2013). Similar to all other state concussion laws, Ohio’s concussion law, enacted on 26 April 2013, applies to both interscholastic athletics and youth sports organizations. Physicians (M.D. or D.O.) and Diplomates in either Chiropractic Neurology or Chiropractic Sports Medicine and Certified Chiropractic Sports Physicians who are listed in the American Chiropractic Board of Sports Physicians (ACBSP) Concussion Registry are able to independently clear youth athletes to return to play. All other licensed health care professionals must work in coordination or consultation with a physician. (Ohio General Assembly, 2012)