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Reproductive system
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
Midline sagittal images allow measurement of the AP diameter of the pelvic inlet and pelvic outlet. From transverse sections it is possible to measure the transverse inlet at its widest point and the bi-spinous diameter. With this method, provided that the system is calibrated, there will be no magnification or diminution of the distances recorded. Operator measurements should be taken twice and an average value used.
Designing for Lower Torso and Leg Anatomy
Published in Karen L. LaBat, Karen S. Ryan, Human Body, 2019
Carefully defining the anatomical terms used to describe lower torso structures facilitates communication, including communication between medical and design professionals: Lower torso region: The portion of the torso between the top of the bony pelvis to and including the external genitals, but excluding the legsBony pelvis: The ring formed by the sacrum and coccyx of the spine with the R and L “hip” bones, at the slightly mobile sacroiliac joints (see details of “hip” bones in Section 5.5.2)Pelvic girdle: The R and L hip bones joined at the pubic symphysis in the front of the body, the lower torso equivalent of the pectoral girdle (clavicle and scapula)Pelvis: The bowl-shaped cavity of bone, muscle, and soft tissues to hold and cradle internal organs of the urinary, digestive, and reproductive systems, bounded by the anterior abdominal wallPelvic outlet: The opening in the bony pelvis allowing the urinary, digestive, and reproductive systems to pass to the body’s exterior for expulsion of waste products or birth of a childPelvic diaphragm: The sling of muscles spanning between the pelvic bones, above the perineal region, and supporting the internal organs (see Section 5.6.1)Perineal region: The skin and soft tissue structures between the legs including external genitals and anus; lying in a more or less transverse planeAnatomical crotch: The angle between the lower torso and the medial proximal thighs, extending from the pubic bone anteriorly to the buttocks crease posteriorlyProduct crotch: The product section covering the anatomical crotch—in a variety of product shapes and sizes
Age targeted human body models indicate increased thoracic injury risk with aging
Published in Traffic Injury Prevention, 2022
B. Wade von Kleeck, Zach Hostetler, Kevin Fleischmann, Ashley A. Weaver, F. Scott Gayzik
The M50 + Aged models pelvises were modified to match aging targets from Kolesova et al. (Kolesova, Kolesovs, and Vetra 2017). Kolesova provided regressions with age and sex on several sagittal and frontal pelvis size measurements. The M50-O pelvis was morphed in HyperMesh 2019 (Altair, Troy, Michigan) to match targets for each age. For the F05 + Aged models the pelvis could not be morphed to the regressed size values due to the model being a 5th percentile and the regressions describing the mean. Instead, regressions with age for the ratio of frontal to sagittal plane measurements of the pelvic inlet, pelvic midplane 1, pelvic midplane 2 and pelvic outlet were applied to the F50-O pelvis. Like the M50-O, the F05-O pelvis was morphed in HyperMesh to match the adjusted geometry.