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AN EYE ON USABILITY STUDIES
Published in Paul T. McCabe, Contemporary Ergonomics 2004, 2018
Alastair Gale, Ruth Filik, Kevin Purdy, David Wooding
utilise the useful field of view (UFOV). This is taken to be a 'visual attentional' area, typically assumed to be circular in shape, but not necessarily so, which can vary in size (i.e. constrict or expand) depending upon a number of factors, both environmental and subjective. To research a particular domain the UFOV can be measured empirically— there is a large body of research on this within the domains of driving and image perception investigations. Slightly differently, in research on reading, researchers typically distinguish between foveal and parafoveal vision with the parafovea referring to an area extending some 5° from the centre of the fovea (e.g. Rayner et al., 2003). Often in reading research the parafoveal area is considered to be a horizontal lozenge shape with the main interest being in that part of the parafoveal area to the right of the currently fixated word/letter (assuming left to right reading behaviour).
Location and Arrangement of Displays and Control Actuators
Published in Waldemar Karwowski, Anna Szopa, Marcelo M. Soares, Handbook of Standards and Guidelines in Human Factors and Ergonomics, 2021
Robert W. Proctor, Kim-Phuong L. Vu
When designing display panels, the placement of the components is crucial because of the relation of acuity to the location in the visual field. A visual display must be located within the visual field if it is to have any chance of being detected and responded to. For young adults, the field of view is approximately 180°, but it decreases to about 140° in older adults. Within the visual field, acuity varies drastically. It is highest in central, foveal vision (approximately 1° of visual angle) and decreases sharply as the stimulus location moves further into the visual periphery. Surrounding the fovea is a somewhat larger region of 5°, called the parafovea, where acuity is still high but not as high as in foveal images.
Eye Tracking from a Human Factors Perspective
Published in Guy A. Boy, The Handbook of Human-Machine Interaction, 2017
The diameter of the highest acuity region corresponding to the central vision subtends from 1.2° (foveola) to 4° or 5° (parafovea). Beyond the parafovea, detail perception becomes fuzzy and acuity drops. Beyond 25°, the visual field is used for detecting motion, either ego-motion (vection) either targets that enter the visual field (Duchowski, 2003; Holland, 2001). Cones enable to perceivecolor information in photopic vision (luminance level from 1 to 106 cd/m2) with high visual acuity. Rods enable to perceive monochrome information in scotopic vision (luminance level under 10–2 to 10–6 cd/m2).
Morphological and visual optimization in stadium design: a digital reinterpretation of Luigi Moretti's stadiums
Published in Architectural Science Review, 2020
Fabio Bianconi, Marco Filippucci, Alessandro Buffi, Luisa Vitali
The external limits of the peripheric vision correspond to outlines of the internal field of view. For both eyes, the combined field of view is 130°–135° in vertical and 200–220° in horizontal. The internal outlines of the peripheric vision are defined by the anatomic region of the central proportion of the retina, which is called fovea. In terms of visual acuity, the ‘foveal vision’ can be defined as the part of the retina where the acuity vision is at least of 20/20: i will be able to see with higher quality a space that represents 1.5°–2° of the view field. It is possible to distinguish a ring shape region that covers the foveal area, knows as the parafovea, which is sometimes considered to represent a middle form of a vision called ‘paracentral vision’. The parafovea has an external diameter of 2.5 mm and it represents the 8° of the visual field. Moreover, there is the macula, which is considered some time as the borderline between peripheric and central vision. The macula has a diameter of 5.5 mm and it corresponds to the 18° of the visual field. The line dividing peripheric vision near and average at a radius of 30° is based on many characteristics of visual performance. Visual acuity decreases of the 50 every 2.5° from the centre up to 30°, this is the point where visual acuity declines faster. The perception of colours is strong at 20° but week at 40°, this is why at 30° is considered as the division between an appropriate perception or one lacking of colours (Conti and Battaglia-Mayer 2010).