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State of the Art of Artificial Intelligence in Dentistry and Its Expected Future
Published in Lavanya Sharma, Mukesh Carpenter, Computer Vision and Internet of Things, 2022
Vukoman Jokanović, M. Živković, S. Živković
AI has changed the area of oral and maxillofacial surgery based on the appearance of image-guided surgery. Before surgery, CT, MRI, and CBCT images are now parts of clinical practice in many large hospitals. Such recordings allow the desired procedure to be derived more exactly than before the introduction of these techniques. Surgical removal of the lower third molars is challenging due to the great proximity of the third mandibular molar (M3) and the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN). Such interventions may cause neurosensory injury of the chin and lower mouth. The automated segmentation of panoramic images prior to extraction of M3 determines the proximity of M3 to neurosensomotor tissues, thus preventing damages to the tissues. In the future, these types of interventions will have an increasing application in orthognathic surgery influenced by extraordinary accuracy of image recognition, which shows different dentofacial irregularities [65, 66].
3D Nanoprinting in Oral Health Care Applications
Published in Ajit Behera, Tuan Anh Nguyen, Ram K. Gupta, Smart 3D Nanoprinting, 2023
Gaetano Isola, Alessandro Polizzi, Simona Santonocito
Orthognathic surgery. Adult patients with severe maxillary-mandibular discrepancies, malocclusions, or esthetic deformities require orthognathic surgery. 3D printing may be useful to improve surgical accuracy and to reduce temporomandibular joint post-operative instability [71,72]. For example, 3D-printed osteotomy surgical guides may reduce operative timing and the risk of nerve injuries compared to traditional operations [74]. Therefore, since software pre-determines the position of the bone segments and drill holes for screws, the customized 3D-printed titanium plates can be placed when the bone elements are precisely in the predetermined position [75,76].
Deep Learning and Multimodal Artificial Neural Network Architectures for Disease Diagnosis and Clinical Applications
Published in Om Prakash Jena, Bharat Bhushan, Nitin Rakesh, Parma Nand Astya, Yousef Farhaoui, Machine Learning and Deep Learning in Efficacy Improvement of Healthcare Systems, 2022
Barricelli et al. narrated a novel technology called digital twin (DT), its application in the medical field, like hospital management and precision medicine, and also analyzed its state-of-the-art definitions [9]. Bouletreau et al. investigated AI applications in orthognathic surgery, especially in maxillofacial imagery, treatment planning, custom orthodontic and surgical appliances, and treatment follow-up [10].
Three-dimensional morphological and biomechanical analysis of temporomandibular joint in mandibular and bi-maxillary osteotomies
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2022
Bingmei Shao, Annan Li, Jingheng Shu, Hedi Ma, Shiming Dong, Zhan Liu
Orthognathic surgery is a typical approach to treat maxillofacial deformities for aesthetic or functional purposes (Kim 2017). According to the type of maxillofacial deformity, the main operations include sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO), Le Fort I osteotomy, mandible osteotomy, downfixture, and the Wassmund correction. SSRO is a conventional surgery for correcting mandibular excess, retrognathia, or asymmetry. Le Fort I osteotomy, typically used in conjunction with SSRO, is a present technique used for correcting maxillary deformities (Tabrizi and Sadeghi2016). Orthognathic surgery can correct maxillofacial deformities and change neuromuscular environments (Kim et al. 2011); however, it results in positional changes in the condyles (Ueki et al. 2012; Goncalves et al. 2013; Méndez-Manjón et al. 2016; Costas et al. 2018). Alterations in the condylar position can cause a recurrence of the risk and complications, such as temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), with a 14% probability of postoperative complications (Kim 2017; Costas et al. 2018). TMD imposes high degrees of physiological and psychological effects on the patients, such as temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain, clicking sounds, disc displacement, and condylar resorption (Ellis 1994; Baek, Kim, and Kim 2006; Angle, Rebellato, and Sheats 2007; Ueki et al. 2008; Kang et al. 2010; Yang and Hwang 2014; Han and Hwang 2015).
Stress distribution is susceptible to the angle of the osteotomy in the high oblique sagittal osteotomy (HOSO): biomechanical evaluation using finite element analyses
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2021
Herrera-Vizcaíno Carlos, Baselga Lahoz Marta, Pelliccioni Monrroy Orlando, Udeabor E Samuel, Robert Sader, Lukas Benedikt Seifert
Orthognathic surgery involves the surgical reconstruction of the cranial and maxillary bone structures with the aim of restoring the patient's anatomical and functional relationship (Monson 2013). One of the most common conditions subject to interventions is skeletal malocclusion (SM) (Dias and Gleiser 2008). Since the first surgery performed by Hullihen (1810–1857) in 1849, numerous variants of the technique have been described (Radi Londoño 1994; Almandoz 2011). Although there is no universal technique, it is worth noting the bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO), since it represents the most widely used procedure in orthognathic surgery (Böckmann et al. 2014). However, the BSSO reports disadvantages; among these, the sensorineural alteration of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) stands out, the incidence of which has been widely studied in the literature (Becelli et al. 2002; Agbaje et al. 2015) and it is reported in 11.7%−24% of cases (Seeberger et al. 2013). As an alternative technique to BSSO, with the intention of preserving alveolar nerve integrity, some authors (Landes et al. 2014; Herrera-Vizcaíno et al. 2016) have opted to intervene using High oblique sagittal osteotomy (HOSO), reducing the alveolar impact in up to 0.5% of cases (Seeberger et al. 2013).