China
Africa
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Aptamers as Tools for Targeted Drug Delivery
Published in Rakesh N. Veedu, Aptamers, 2017
To block the activity of nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) of influenza virus, a single-stranded DNA aptamer was selected by the SELEX method [87]. NS1 suppress the induction of interferon, thereby inhibiting the innate immune response of the host. The selected aptamer had a G-quadruplex structure and bound to NS1 at a low nanomolar range, without having any negative effect on cell viability. In vitro studies were conducted to determine the binding of aptamer to NS1, and the results were confirmed by confocal images and flow cytometry. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results confirmed the effect on interferon expression [87]. Many aptamers are reported for treatment against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In a recent study, RNA aptamers that inhibit HIV-aspartyl protease (PR) were developed for anti-HIV gene therapy by SELEX [27]. The selected aptamers had moderate binding affinity and anti-PR inhibitory activity, which was further enhanced in the second-generation aptamer. By binding to the PR in a noncompetitive manner, the aptamers could also inhibit late events in HIV replication [27].
Application of Artificial Intelligence on Post Pandemic Situation and Lesson Learn for Future Prospects
Published in Journal of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence, 2023
Priyanka Dwivedi, Achintya Kumar Sarkar, Chinmay Chakraborty, Monoj Singha, Vineet Rojwal
COVID-19 belongs to the β corona virus family which has similarities to (SARS-CoV) (Huang et al., 2020). This is the latest and one of the three corona viruses which infect the human being out of seven corona viruses (Seah & Agrawal, 2020). It is an enveloped virus with single-strand ribonucleic acid (RNA). After decoding the genome, it was found that the virus has four main structural proteins viz. spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M) and nucleocapsid (N) which are encoded with different ORF (Boheemen et al., 2012; Woo et al., 2010). Similarly, some non-structural proteins like HE protein, 3a/b protein, 4a/b protein, protease, papain-like protease are found.