Facial muscle reanimation by transcutaneous electrical stimulation for peripheral facial nerve palsy
Published in Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology, 2019
Eeva Mäkelä, Hanna Venesvirta, Mirja Ilves, Jani Lylykangas, Ville Rantanen, Tuija Ylä-Kotola, Sinikka Suominen, Antti Vehkaoja, Jarmo Verho, Jukka Lekkala, Veikko Surakka, Markus Rautiainen
The severity of the palsy was individually assessed with the Sunnybrook facial grading system (SFGS) [23] that was scored offline by three investigators from a video recording, and with a nerve conduction study (NCS) and needle electromyography (EMG). SFGS is a composite score that evaluates the rest symmetry, symmetry of the movements, and synkinesias, ranging from zero (total paralysis) to one hundred (normal facial function). The SFGS score ranged from 11 to 78 (M = 37, SD = 19).