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Endocrine system
Published in David A Lisle, Imaging for Students, 2012
Phaeochromocytoma may also be discovered due to a hypertensive crisis brought on by surgery or some other stress. Ten per cent arise as part of a syndrome, e.g. multiple endocrine neoplasia, familial phaeochromocytoma, tuberous sclerosis, and Von Hippel–Lindau disease, neurofibromatosis. Ten per cent are malignant. Phaeochromocytomas are usually large tumours, measuring up to 12 cm with an average around 5 cm.
Local anesthetics classification: Artificial intelligence information entropy
Published in A. K. Haghi, Lionello Pogliani, Francisco Torrens, Devrim Balköse, Omari V. Mukbaniani, Andrew G. Mercader, Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 2017
Francisco. torrens, Gloria. castellano
Big data (BD) is a concept that makes reference to the accumulation of great data amounts and procedures to find patterns in them. The features involve a series of obstacles to save: having high-scale data bears noise accumulation and obtaining correlations with low precision predictions. Conventional algorithms for data analysis are insufficient, forcing to use other methods that allow an optimized exploration. It is crucial to dispose of automatic tools that are able to detect and correct data uncertainty sources and homogeneity degree. Salas reported a genetic advice in cancer in Valencia Community.44 A molecular analysis showed that cancer is sporadic 70-80%, family 10-25% and hereditary 5-10%. Hereditary cancer syndromes resulted breast/ovary (60%), hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (31%), familial adenomatous polyposis, multiple endocrine neoplasia type-2, von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, retinoblastoma, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, etc. The Foundation for Health and Biomedical Research Promotion of Valencia Region (FISABIO) is a nonprofit organization of scientific and care character, aiming scientific-technical, health and biomedical research promotion, impulse and development in the Valencia region (VR).45 The Spanish Type Culture Collection of Universitat de València, Barcelone Waters Society and Bosch & Gimpera Foundation develop the Project Drinking Water Library, to create the first database for matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), of microorganisms isolated from water for human consumption. The identification of this type of aquatic bacteria results a qualitative improvement for evaluating water microbiological quality. On the other hand, imaging databanks (IDs) appear as strategic research infrastructures. Medical Imaging Databank of the Valencia Community (BIMCV) is devised as a knowledge repository oriented to favor medical imaging (MI) technological advances, providing technological-coverage services in support of research and development projects. It has a geographical ambit, including all VR centers. However, the management system of integrated medical-imaging databanks (MIDs) will be later compatible with the Health National System central node and other international nodes. De la Iglesia and Martínez proposed questions (Qs), hypotheses (Hs), and problems (P) on the BIMCV databank.46
Evaluation of the carcinogenicity of carbon tetrachloride
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2023
Samuel M. Cohen, Christopher Bevan, Bhaskar Gollapudi, James E. Klaunig
Pheochromocytomas are not common in humans, with approximately 30% of tumors being of genetic origin, related to a variety of inherited disorders (Fishbein and Nathanson 2012; Greim et al. 2009; Koch, Pacak, and Chrousos 2002). These include such inherited disorders as multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) types 2A and 2B, Von Hippel-Lindau disease type 2, Von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis type 1, paragangliomas associated with pheochromocytomas, and other rare inherited disorders. There is no indication that any of the substances that induce pheochromocytomas in animal experiments, either rats or mice, increase risk of pheochromocytomas in humans (Greim et al. 2009). Further, there is no evidence that chronic hypoxia (such as occurs with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), vitamin D administration, disturbances of endocrine effects, or other MOA in rats or mice, elevate the risk of pheochromocytomas in the general population or in individuals with any of the inherited disorders associated with pheochromocytomas in humans. Essentially, non-genotoxic chemically induced pheochromocytomas in rats or mice are not quantitatively relevant to human risk. Thus, pheochromocytomas are not of relevant importance to the overall risk assessment of CCl4 as these adrenal disorders did not occur at the same doses as the increase in hepatocellular tumors.