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Disorders of Hearing
Published in Anthony N. Nicholson, The Neurosciences and the Practice of Aviation Medicine, 2017
Linda M. Luxon, Ronald Hinchcliffe
The internal ear is embedded in the bony labyrinth filled with perilymph, and can be divided into three anatomical and functional regions: the semicircular canals, the vestibule and the cochlea. Within the bony labyrinth lies the membranous labyrinth which is filled with endolymph and contains the sensory cells of both hearing and balance. The bony cochlea resembles the shell of a snail, within which lies the cochlear duct with a flat floor known as the spiral lamina, a side wall which is comprised mainly of the stria vascularis and a sloping diagonal ‘roof’ known as the vestibular membrane of Reissner (1824–1878) (Figure 19.2). The spiral organ of Corti (1822–1876) is situated on the basilar membrane and contains the auditory sensory receptor cells known as hair cells. There are two types of cells, the inner and the outer hair cells, both of which have stereocilia projecting from their upper endolymphatic surface. The stereocilia are embedded in the gelatinous tectorial membrane.
Study of fatigue damage to the cochlea
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2023
Lei Gao, Jiakun Wang, Junyi Liang, Wenjuan Yao, Lei Zhou, Xinsheng Huang
In order to explore the effects of continuous noise (headphones) on the cochlea and BM, a cochlear model of the human ear was constructed. The cochlea is an important part of the inner ear and takes the shape of a 3 D spiral similar to a snail’s shell. The cochlear cavity of a normal person rotates 2.5 to 2.75 turns around the cochlear axis, with a length of about 35 mm. The outer part of the cochlea is a bony structure, the inner part contains a membranous labyrinth, and three chambers: the scala vestibular, scala tympani, and the cochlear duct. Only scala vestibular and scala tympani are filled with perilymph fluid. The cochlear duct is filled with endolymph fluid.