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Role of Histone Methyltransferase in Breast Cancer
Published in Meenu Gupta, Rachna Jain, Arun Solanki, Fadi Al-Turjman, Cancer Prediction for Industrial IoT 4.0: A Machine Learning Perspective, 2021
Surekha Manhas, Zaved Ahmed Khan
Regulation of gene expressions in eukaryotic organisms is regulated synergistically through different transcriptional factors, including chromatin remodelers, specific histone variants, transcriptional machinery, and histone modifications but not limited to these factors. Active domains of chromatin are usually characterized by apparent series associated with histone marks. H3K4me1 and H3K27ac are connected with specific active enhancers [10]. The H3K4me3 level is high at promoter sequences of active genes, and acetylation of H4 and H3 are within specific promoters of active genes [11–13]. Active gene bodies are mostly enriched in H4 and H3 acetylation [14], H2BK120u1 [15,16] and H3K79me3 acetylation [7], and H3K36me3 acetylation increasing toward the 30 end [17]. These different histone marks might regulate transcriptional regulation of genes by generating open chromatin structures along with effector recruitment that helps to mediate competent state transcriptionally. Although the varied function of various active modifications of histone proteins is not fully recognizable and understandable, there is still an abundance of data available in the literature that shows that deposition of these histone marks is necessary for the appropriate gene expression regulation mechanism. There are various distinct positive crosstalk mechanisms found between several distinct modifications of histone proteins, which play a crucial role in maintenance and recruitment at the site of active genes through histone modifications.
Enzyme Kinetics and Drugs as Enzyme Inhibitors
Published in Peter Grunwald, Pharmaceutical Biocatalysis, 2019
A variety of regulatory pathways are involved in epigenetic gene regulation among them DNA methylation, introduction of histone variants, and post-translational modification of histone proteins; long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play essential roles in diverse cellular processes such as chromatin remodeling, transcription, post-transcriptional processing and intracellular trafficking (Cao, 2014). Histone proteins can be modified at specific amino acid residues by diverse chemical moieties including methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and SUMOylation which influences the degree of packaging and thereby the gene activity. Enzymes catalyzing these posttranslational modifications are known as chromatin “writers.” Other proteins such as BET-proteins (bromodomain and extraterminal motif proteins) recognize these modifications and are termed chromatin “readers,” whereas chromatin “erasers” catalyze the removal of histone modifications.
Direct and cost-effective method for histone isolation from cultured mammalian cells
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2023
Anja Batel, Mirjana Polović, Mateo Glumac, Andrea Gelemanović, Matilda Šprung, Ivana Marinović Terzić
Histone variants in nucleosomes interchange depending on the conditions in the cell, such as the cell cycle progression, DNA damage, and repair.[32] DNA double-strand breaks induced by UV radiation, different chemicals, or endogenous processes, cause rapid phosphorylation of the γ-serine in histone variant H2AX,[33] which can be observed in histones isolated with our protocol, proving the selectivity and the sensitivity of the method.