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Human–Computer Interaction
Published in Julie A. Jacko, The Human–Computer Interaction Handbook, 2012
François Sainfort, Julie A. Jacko, Molly A. McClellan, Paula J. Edwards
Health informatics is a field that can be widely defined as the generation, development, application, and testing of information and communication principles, techniques, theories, and technologies to improve health care delivery. It includes the understanding of data, information, and knowledge used in the delivery of health care and an understanding of how these data are captured, stored, accessed, retrieved, displayed, interpreted, used, and made more efficient. Although health informatics intersects with the fields of clinical-, biomedical-, medical-, and bio-informatics, it is different in the sense that it focuses on health care delivery, and hence is centered on the patient (and/or consumer), the clinician (or health care professional, or “provider”), and, more importantly, the patient-provider interaction. Human-computer interaction (HCI), from the perspective of both the patient/consumer and the provider, is essential to the success of “health informatics.” In this chapter, we first review the characteristics of the healthcare industry in the United States. We then review information systems used by consumers, patients, and providers and raise HCI issues and challenges associated with both perspectives. Then we propose a framework for evaluating health care applications and conclude with a discussion of future opportunities and challenges for HCI in health care.
Knowledge Mining from Medical Images
Published in Wahiba Ben Abdessalem Karaa, Nilanjan Dey, Mining Multimedia Documents, 2017
Amira S. Ashour, Nilanjan Dey, Suresh Chandra Satapathy
Navigation through information-rich databases becomes an innovative knowledge discovery challenge that requires intelligent agents. Health informatics is a quickly developing domain that is focused on relating information technology and computer science for health/medical data extraction and interpretation. It is the automation of health information in order to support the clinical care, training, administration of health services, and medical research to enhance health information processing by collecting, storing, effectively retrieving, and analyzing medical data for clinicians, administrators, and researchers [9–11]. Nevertheless, there is a deficiency in the efficient analysis methods for discovering the hidden knowledge from the gigantic healthcare databases.
Bioinformatics Tools and Software in Clinical Research
Published in Rishabha Malviya, Pramod Kumar Sharma, Sonali Sundram, Rajesh Kumar Dhanaraj, Balamurugan Balusamy, Bioinformatics Tools and Big Data Analytics for Patient Care, 2023
Deepika Bairagee, Nitu Singh, Neelam Jain, Urvashi Sharma
Preclinical, clinical, post-clinical, and healthcare management data and information are collected in health informatics. When it comes to information technology, researchers and professionals now have no-cost tools at their disposal for improving public health, the healthcare system, and industry [5]. This is unmistakably a biological situation. The major goal of healthcare informatics is to give healthcare providers comprehensive data on their patients’ health. This knowledge tends to make their job easier in terms of making the best treatment decision at the appropriate moment. Furthermore, by utilizing healthcare informatics, in-patients in outlying locations can obtain advice from the best healthcare professionals on the list of options available.
Impact of hospital size on healthcare information system effectiveness: evidence from healthcare data analytics
Published in Journal of Management Analytics, 2022
Liuliu Fu, Ling Li, Lusi Li, Wenlu Zhang, Zihao Luo
There are many types of HISs that function in different aspects of healthcare operations. Electronic medical record (EMR) is used to store electronic medical information generated during the process of diagnosis. EMR is designed according to the diagnosis process in the medical facility and rarely extended outside the scope of a hospital, clinic, or medical center. Electronic health record (EHR) is the systematic collection of electronic health information about patients, which can go beyond the scope of a single medical facility. EHR integrates information across different facilities and systems, and EMR can serve as a type of data source for the EHR (Habib, 2010; Kierkegaard, 2011). An important component of EHR is the Continuum of Care Document (CCD), which is a healthcare standard for sharing and exchanging patient data across organizations. According to the Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society (HIMSS), the adoption of HISs lags far behind that in other industries in the country. Abelson and Creswell (2014) reported that only 44 percent of all institutions have adopted basic electronic systems necessary for properly coordinating patient care. A large fraction of healthcare providers only implemented a clinical data repository system – the most basic component of the EHR system, but have not yet implemented other useful HISs such as computerized practitioner order entry (CPOE) or a clinical decision support system.
From Networking to Mitigation: The Role of Social Media and Analytics in Combating the COVID-19 Pandemic
Published in Information Systems Management, 2020
Dongsong Zhang, Lina Zhou, Jaewan Lim
Social media-based telemedicine is another area that needs more attention due to its potential in response to disasters and public health emergencies like Covid-19. Due to the lack of an effective vaccine or therapy for COVID-19 yet, as well as social distancing and stay-at-home lockdown, exploring alternatives for in-person visits is inevitable. Patients prioritize convenient, safe, and inexpensive care. Telemedicine leverages telecommunication technologies to make use of health information technology and medical information for remote medical consultation and diagnosis. On-demand telemedicine is patient-centered and conducive to self-quarantine, allowing physicians and patients to communicate 24/7, which is especially suitable and beneficial for psychiatric or psychosocial support (e.g., cognitive behavioral therapy through social media). More importantly, it protects patients, clinicians, and the community from exposure to the virus. Health systems should be able to refer patients to nurse triage lines and enable patients to schedule virtual appointments with physicians to avoid unnecessary in-person visits. Social media can also be harnessed to offer general public health education, resources, and support (e.g., self-care and stress management tips, problem-solving strategies). The future research issues include cost-effectiveness, return on investment, quality of care, patient trust, and doctor and patient adoption of social media-based telemedicine under Covid-19, which require more studies. In addition, it remains unknown what scenarios and patients can be best served through telemedicine than in-person encounters.
An Empirical Evaluation of Factors Influencing Patients’ Reactions to the Implementation of Health Information Exchanges (HIEs)
Published in International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 2019
Health Information Exchange (HIE) networks are the process of exchanging patients’ medical data and health information across different healthcare institutes (Vest & Gamm, 2010). HIE is a relatively new mechanism that was introduced by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act in 2009. Consistent with the HITECH Act, federal and state funds have been allocated to adopt Health Information Technology (HIT), such as HIEs, to improve care coordination (Edaibat, Dever, & Stuban, 2017). It is generally believed that HIEs can improve the quality of healthcare delivery and reduce medical errors and administrative costs (Unertl, Johnson, & Lorenzi, 2011). Nevertheless, establishing a platform to manage patients’ privacy concerns through secure exchange of health data across different healthcare settings has been highlighted in the literature (Angst & Agarwal, 2009). The electronic exchange of patients’ health information becomes more technologically advanced and the challenges of interoperability across different healthcare organizations are raised. Thus, the privacy and security issues related to HIEs have become more noticeable.