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Oxidative Stress-Protective/Anti-Melanogenic Effects of Loliolide
Published in Debarshi Kar Mahapatra, Cristóbal Noé Aguilar, A. K. Haghi, Natural Products Pharmacology and Phytochemicals for Health Care, 2021
Francisco Torrens, Gloria Castellano
The GAs are considered as a representative biosource to be applied for the preparation of pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmeceutical products. Prasiola japonica is freshwater GAs with a lot of NCs, for example, MTL g-lactone (-)-loliolide (cf. Figure 7.1), methylpyrazine, 1-hydroxy-2-propanone, diisopropylamine, 1,6-dihydro-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide, mannitol, mannose, and glucitol, according to gas chromatography/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) analysis. Of them, loliolide results in an active component in GAs with a number of bioroles (e.g., anti-aging, antiviral, AIAs). However, the effects of freshwater GAs components, loliolide, and Pj-EE, on the skin were not studied extensively. The OS-protective effects of loliolide and Pj-EE were investigated in human keratinocyte HaCaT cells [29]. To do this, the effects of loliolide and Pj-EE on the expression of AO protein nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2)-Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) signaling pathway proteins were confirmed by Western blot. The expression of genes encoding matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) was confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and real-time PCR analyses, and cell viability was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Mouse melanoma B16F10 cells were used to assess AMA of loliolide and Pj-EE, measuring the level of melanin content and secretion. The expression of the melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) proteins related to melanogenesis was confirmed by Western blot.
Metals, Metal Oxides, and Their Composites—Safety and Health Awareness
Published in Vijay B. Pawade, Paresh H. Salame, Bharat A. Bhanvase, Multifunctional Nanostructured Metal Oxides for Energy Harvesting and Storage Devices, 2020
Several in-vitro investigations studying the cytotoxic potential of silica NPs have so far been undertaken and reported. Although every study proved to be conclusive, for the want of availability of standard methods, still they hinted at some properties that drive the cytotoxic effects. Most studies pertaining to investigation of toxicity, depending upon size, have shown that the cytotoxicity of SiO2 NPs increases reciprocally with their size. For example, the effect of amorphous SiO2 NPs of sizes between 15 and 30 nm and micrometer-sized ones on cell viability, cycle, apoptosis, etc. has been studied. Modifications in the morphology were noticed on exposing for 24 h, and subsequently the human epidermal keratinocyte (HaCaT) cell viability was found to be substantively reduced. SiO2 NPs hold greater potential than the micrometer-sized particles as far as cytotoxicity is concerned, which further induces a greater apoptotic rate. Proteomic analysis showed variability in the induction of as many as 16 protein expressions, such as oxidative stress, cytoskeleton, tumor-related proteins, energy metabolism molecular chaperones, and apoptosis. In a further study, 15-nm SiO2 NPs and micrometer-sized particles were used to investigate the DNA methylation in HaCaT cells. NPs affect hypomethylation and reduce the concentration of methyltransferases (DNMT1, DNMT3a) based on the concentration levels of the mRNA and protein [375].
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Published in Chad A. Mirkin, Spherical Nucleic Acids, 2020
Chung Hang J. Choi, Liangliang Hao, Suguna P. Narayan, Evelyn Auyeung, Chad A. Mirkin
The above studies strictly involve the use of C166 cells to illustrate the importance of CAV-1 and SR-A in mediating the endocytosis of SNAs. To establish the relevance of the same proteins for cell types other than C166, we measured the uptake kinetics of SNAs for other cell lines and compared the data to their expression of CAV-1 and SR-A. Besides C166, we selected A549 (human lung adenocarcinoma epithelium), 3T3 (mouse fibroblast), and HaCaT (human keratinocyte). These four cell lines possess a vast range of expression levels of CAV-1 and SR-A, and indeed, pretreatment of these cells with FCD and Poly I led to pronounced reduction in their uptake of SNAs (Fig. 19.6A). Compared with A549 cells, HaCaT cells have a significantly higher expression level of both CAV-1 and SR-A. C166 and 3T3 cells exhibit intermediate levels of expression for the same proteins (Fig. 19.6B). By ICP-MS measurements, HaCaT cells exhibit the highest degree of endocytosis of SNAs. C166 and 3T3 cells show an intermediate degree of endocytosis, and A549 cells the lowest. Specifically, the uptake of SNAs in HaCaT cells is 4.8-fold higher than that in A549 cells (Fig. 19.6C). These data indicate positive correlation between expression level of CAV-1 as well as SR-A and degree of endocytosis of SNAs, and underscore the importance of the same proteins in the endocytosis of SNAs in other cell types.
Design and development of raw clay-based formulations emulsions loaded with ascorbyl glucoside, in vitro evaluations on topical delivery and cell viability
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2023
Jemima Daniela Shultz, Gislaine Ricci Leonardi, Silvana Raquel Alina Bertolino, Silvia Lucia Cuffini, Hana Mohd, Amanda Costa Caritá, Wanilson Luiz-Silva, Parinbhai Shah, Wilma Gladis Ticona Chambi, Bozena Michniak-Kohn
Considering the premise that any product for human use should be evaluated in advance for its safety, two independent studies of cell viability were performed to evaluate formulations active free (placebo) and formulations. HaCaT was selected as it is the first permanent epithelial cell line from adult human skin that exhibits normal proliferation and differentiation behavior. HDF cell line was selected as it is the major cellular component of dermis and are responsible for producing the extracellular matrix forming the connective with skin tissue.[27,44]
Evaluation of DNA and chromosomal damage in two human HaCaT and L02 cells treated with varying triclosan concentrations
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2019
Donglei Sun, Tianhe Zhao, Xinyang Li, Zunzhen Zhang
Four Salmonella typhimurium strains TA97, TA98, TA100, and TA102 were used for the Ames test. Strains were generously provided by Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University (Chengdu, China). The immortalized human hepatocyte L02 cell line exhibits the main phenotypic characteristics of human mature hepatocytes and is commonly used to represent a normal liver cell model for testing the genotoxicity of chemicals (Dai et al. 2015; Hu et al. 2013). HaCaT cells are a spontaneously immortalized human keratinocyte line that has been widely used for studies of genotoxicity in human skin (Genc et al. 2018; Wilson 2014). Therefore, in this study, keratinocyte HaCaT cells and hepatic L02 cells were used as our models to examine the genotoxicity of triclosan. The human keratinocyte HaCaT cell line was purchased from KeyGen Bio-technology (Nanjing, China), and human hepatic cell line L02 was obtained from China Center for Type Culture Collection (Wuhan, China). Cells were routinely cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (DMEM, Gibco Life Technologies, Grand Island, NY, USA) supplemented with 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin (100 unit/ml), and streptomycin (100 μg/ml). Cultures were maintained at 37°C in a water-saturated atmosphere containing 5% CO2 and 95% air. Triclosan was purchased from Meilun Biological Technology Co. Ltd (Dalian, China; purity, ≥97%; lot number, O1004A). Triclosan was first dissolved with DMSO in 10 mM as the stock solution and was diluted with DMEM to achieve ≤ 20 μM in MTT assay and ≤ 10 μM in comet assay, MN assay, and ROS detection. Therefore, final concentrations of DMSO as a solvent were ≤0.2% (v/v) in MTT assay and ≤0.1% (v/v) in the comet and MN assay as well as ROS detection. These concentrations of DMSO were observed to exert no marked effects on cell viability (Li et al. 2018).
Evaluation of dermal toxicity of antibacterial cotton textile coated by sol-gel technology
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2018
Svetlana Vihodceva, Anna Ramata-Stunda, Anita Pumpure
All the extracts were tested in the range of concentration between 0.625 and 10% (v/v), using a cell culture with added pure solvents for extraction process as a control sample. HaCaT cells exhibit similar biological properties to normal human keratinocytes and is an ideal cell model for studying dermal toxicity [Jha, Jobby, & Desai, 2016]. These cells have been widely used in studying skin irritation, skin cancer, genotoxicity, mutagenicity, and cytotoxicity caused by exposure to nickel and chromium [Jha et al., 2016].