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Herbal Antibacterial Agents as Odour Control Finish in Textiles
Published in G. Thilagavathi, R. Rathinamoorthy, Odour in Textiles, 2022
R. Rathinamoorthy, G. Thilagavathi
Terminalia Chebula retz fruit extract is one such potential antibacterial material identified by several researchers in the previous decade. The extracts of Terminalia Chebula showed inhibition to a wide spectrum of bacterial species. For instance, the extracts of Terminalia Chebula fruit showed potential antibacterial activity against Bacillus substils, Staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus flexineria, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Manoj Kumar et al. 2009). The extracts also showed markable activity against Aspergillus niger and candida Albicans, the commonly found fungal strains (Sachin Kumar et al. 2011). The common active ingredient found in Terminalia Chebula is provided in Figure 7.2. Previous researchers reported the effectiveness of Terminalia Chebula extract by evaluating its medicinal properties like cardioprotective effect (Suchalatha and Shyamala Devi 2004), antifungal activities (Naqvi et al. 2010), inhibition of cancer cell growth (Saleem et al. 2002), immunomodulatory activity (Aher and Wahi 2011), molluscicidal activity (Sharma et al. 2011), wound healing (Choudhary 2011), gastrointestinal motility (Tamhane et al. 1997), anti-clastogenic effect (Wasim Raja et al. 2011), anti-aging activities (Manosroi et al. 2010), anti-hyperglycemic effect (Murali et al. 2004), antioxidant activity (Walia et al. 2011), hypolipidemic activity (Maruthappan and Sakthi Shree 2010), anti-lithiatic activity (Tayal et al. 2012), and anti-ulcerogenic activity (Sarabjit Kaur and Jaggi 2010).
Exercise, shiftwork and sleep
Published in John Kerr, Amanda Griffiths, Tom Cox, Workplace Health, Employee Fitness and Exercise, 2020
The most specific feature of shiftwork is perhaps its interference with the normal circadian rhythmicity of the body. Most human functions, including performance, sleep-wakefulness and the secretion of most hormones, follow a regular circadian rhythm. For example, humans have a remarkable circadian rhythm in digestive enzyme secretion rates as well as in gastrointestinal motility (Vener et al., 1989). Maximal oxygen consumption, muscle strength and neuromuscular coordination have their peak in the afternoon and a circadian variation of 5-40% (Härmä et al. 1982; Ilmarinen et al., 1975). In fact, peak activity associated with the circadian rhythm of most physiological functions occurs in the afternoon, while the circadian trough is normally in the early morning between 2 and 6 a.m.
paniculata (C.B. Clarke) Munir Leaves on Various Gastric Aggressive Factors
Published in Parimelazhagan Thangaraj, Phytomedicine, 2020
P. S. Sreeja, K. Arunachalam, Parimelazhagan Thangaraj
Foods that are processed or overcooked, spicy, and those that have low level/lack of digestive enzymes, and fibers, stimulate the stomach to secrete more such enzymes and fluctuate levels of acid, which adversely affect the stomach by helping the inhabited bacteria to thrive in the stomach (Burkitt et al. 2017). Long-term emotional stress has also played a similar role in producing ulcers through altering the factors maintaining the mucosal integrity including the prostaglandins production by COX-1 activity (Jain 2016). Stress results in an ischemic condition in the stomach via both sympathetic (results in arteriolar vasoconstriction) and parasympathetic (causes muscular contraction by increasing the gastrointestinal motility) ways, which results in the increase of the generation of hydroxyl radicals to cause oxidative damage in the area. The stress increases the histamine release, thereby, to increase the acid secretion and reduce mucus production and blood flow (Tandon et al. 2004; Adinortey et al. 2013).
Ultrasound-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction of synephrine, naringin, and neohesperidin from Citrus aurantium L. fruitlets
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2021
Yang Yan, Hui Zhou, Chuanhai Wu, Xiaoye Feng, Chenggang Han, Hao Chen, Yan Liu, Yanfang Li
Synephrine, a natural alkaloid from herbal medicines, can be used as a dietary supplement for weight loss. After the US Food and Drug Administration had forbidden the use of dietary supplements containing ephedrine in 2004, it became one of the most favorable stimulants in weight-losing products.[1] Naringin and neohesperidin, two flavonoids, can treat gastrointestinal motility disorders and probably become a good alternative to regulate glucose metabolism for diabetic patients.[2,3] Besides, these two compounds have a crucial industrial application that they can be converted into their corresponding, intensely sweet dihydrochalcones. The sweetness of naringin dihydrochalcone relative to sucrose is 300, and that of neohesperidin dihydrochalcone is 1000.[4] Therefore, synephrine, naringin, and neohesperidin are three natural compounds that are in great demand by medicine and food industries.
Does biological sex impact intestinal epithelial injury, small intestine permeability, gastrointestinal symptoms and systemic cytokine profile in response to exertional-heat stress?
Published in Journal of Sports Sciences, 2018
Rhiannon M. J. Snipe, Ricardo J. S. Costa
The current lack of research on the impact of biological sex on gastrointestinal perturbations and associated systemic responses is concerning, particularly due to the recent rise in female participation rates in endurance running events, exceeding those of male participants in some cases (England Athletics, 2016; Gold Coast Marathon, 2017; Running USA, 2017). The elevated rectal temperatures (e.g., increase of up to 0.6°C) in females during exercise in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and (or) taking hormone-based contraception (Lei et al., 2017; Marsh & Jenkins, 2002) may increase the susceptibility to health conditions associated with gastrointestinal and systemic perturbations during exertional-heat stress. However, it is currently unknown if eumenorrheic females in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle (i.e., reduced variability in hormones that can influence thermoregulation and gastrointestinal motility) exhibit similar gastrointestinal responses to males during prolonged exertional-heat stress.
Plant pharmacology: Insights into in-planta kinetic and dynamic processes of xenobiotics
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2022
Tomer Malchi, Sara Eyal, Henryk Czosnek, Moshe Shenker, Benny Chefetz
Following oral administration of a drug to humans, the compound dissolves in the aqueous digestive fluids of the gastrointestinal tract and passes through the gastrointestinal membrane into the blood (Dahlgren & Lennernäs, 2019; Hirtz, 1985). The rate and extent of absorption are determined by both the physicochemical properties of the drug and the characteristics of the site of administration. These include dissolution, solubility, stability, gastrointestinal motility, and rate of diffusion across membranes (Dahlgren & Lennernäs, 2019). The major pharmacokinetic parameters that describe absorption are bioavailability (the fraction of the dose that reaches the blood stream), maximal concentration, and time to maximal concentration.