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Musculoskeletal system
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
The wrist is placed on the examination table with the hand supinated. The probe is placed on the palmar aspect of the wrist in the transverse plane, just proximal to the carpal tunnel (Fig. 3.4c), whose key anatomical structure is the flexor retinaculum. This contains the flexor pollicis longus tendon, the four flexor digitorum profundus tendons, the four flexor digitorum superficialis tendons and the median nerve.
Upper extremity nerve blocks
Published in Marsha A. Elkhunovich, Tarina L. Kang, Courtney Brennan, Kathryn Pade, Rashida Campwala, Jessica Rankin, Kristin Berona, Courtney Brennan, Pediatric Emergency Ultrasound, 2020
Marsha A. Elkhunovich, Tarina L. Kang, Courtney Brennan, Kathryn Pade, Rashida Campwala, Jessica Rankin, Kristin Berona, Courtney Brennan
Place probe in the transverse orientation on the mid-forearm volar surface; the median nerve will be a hyper-echoic, honeycombed structure sandwiched between the muscle bellies of flexor digitorum profundus and flexor digitorum superficialis.
The effects of pistol grip power tools on median nerve pressure and tendon strains
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2022
Ryan Bakker, Mayank Kalra, Sebastian S. Tomescu, Robert Bahensky, Naveen Chandrashekar
CTS is caused by excessive pressure on the median nerve [10], which runs through the carpal tunnel. During pistol grip power tool operation, changes to the median nerve pressure (MNP) can be caused by gripping the handle [2,11–13] and deviating from a neutral wrist position [13–15]. Tendonitis is inflammation of a tendon caused by cumulative trauma through repetitive strain [16]. The tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) and flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) muscle groups travel through the carpal tunnel and are responsible for applying grip force and engaging the tool trigger during power tool operation. These tendons are commonly associated with tendonitis [17,18]. While muscular contractions cause these tendons to experience strain during hand-tool gripping tasks, the tendons may experience additional strain from a forceful tool handle rotary displacement due to a reaction torque at the end of a fastener’s travel.
New Zealand blackcurrant extract enhances muscle oxygenation during repeated intermittent forearm muscle contractions in advanced and elite rock climbers
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2021
Simon Fryer, David Giles, Ellis Bird, Keeron Stone, Craig Paterson, Jiří Baláš, Mark E. T. Willems, Julia A. Potter, Ian C. Perkins
With the rise in the popularity of rock climbing over the past decade, there has been a concomitant increase in both the volume and quality of research that aims to understand the complex and multifaceted physiological components of the sport (D. Giles et al., 2014). Of this research, forearm muscle strength and endurance have been suggested to be some of the most important physical abilities affecting rock climbing performance (Fryer, Giles, Garrido, de la O Puerta, & España-Romero, 2017a). For example, the oxidative capacity of the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) assessed using muscle oxygen time to half recovery (O2HTR) following ischaemia explained 24% of the variance in climbing performance (Fryer et al., 2016), as well as being able to separate ability groups (Fryer et al., 2015), disciplines (Fryer et al., 2017) and arm dominance (D. A. Giles et al., 2016). Given the importance of forearm muscle oxygenation to rock climbing ability, recent studies have attempted to find ways to enhance it using ergogenic aids such as New Zealand black currant (NZBC) extract (Fryer et al., 2020; Potter et al., 2020).
Rate of force development and maximal force: reliability and difference between non-climbers, skilled and international climbers
Published in Sports Biomechanics, 2021
Guillaume Levernier, Guillaume Laffaye
Furthermore, the ability to hold a crimp solicits specific hand and finger muscles, such as the finger flexor digitorum profundus and the flexor digitorum superficialis. In bouldering, as the level of difficulty increases, the size of the holds to be managed decreases. Many studies (Amca, Vigouroux, Aritan, & Berton, 2012; Laffaye et al., 2015; López-Rivera & González-Badillo, 2012) show that muscle strength is a key factor differentiating elite and skilled climbers, with elite climbers having 22.19% greater finger grip strength than skilled climbers who have 44.85% greater strength than novices (Laffaye et al., 2015). Moreover, strength depends on the kind of crimps. Amca et al. (2012) show that climbers develop more force (+17.93%) for a 100-mm hold using a full crimp than using a half crimp or a slope crimp (+20.21%).