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Why (and Why Not) to Get a Master's or Doctorate in Engineering
Published in Radovan Zdero, Practical Career Advice for Engineers, 2021
All universities that offer a PhD in engineering will also provide opportunities for a PhD graduate to do extra training as a PDF. The trainee is also informally called a “post doc,” and the training itself is called a “fellowship.” This training experience is not a degree program, so there are no additional designatory letters to legally place after your name, unlike a BE, ME, or PhD degree.
SalterHarris fractures in paediatric skiers and snowboarders
Published in Research in Sports Medicine, 2023
Ruikang (Kong Kong) Liu, David R. Howell, Lauren A. Pierpoint, Casey C. Little, Jack Spittler, Morteza Khodaee, Aaron Provance
Plain radiograph images and radiology reports of each patient from the day of their encounter were reviewed and interpreted by one of the authors (R.L.), a sports medicine fellowship trained physician. Any areas of discrepancy or ambiguity were confirmed by another author (A.P.), also sports medicine trained. Each patient was classified based on the bone(s) involved, location of the fracture (epiphysis, metaphysis, isolated physis, diaphysis or other), SH classification (I-V if present, none seen or not applicable) and intra-articular involvement. When multiple fractures in different bones were seen in the same patient, the most severe injury was chosen as the primary fracture included for analysis. When no fracture was identified on x-rays or the radiology report, the encounter note was reviewed to determine whether there was documentation of tenderness at the relevant physis that could change the diagnosis to a non-displaced SH Type I injury with normal x-rays. If there was no documentation (or documentation not available) of physeal tenderness, the patient was recorded as having “no fracture” and excluded from the final analysis. All patients found to have no fracture or other atypical findings were reviewed again by R.L. and A.P. on two separate occasions five months apart to confirm diagnosis.