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Critique of the ANSI Z136.1 Standard
Published in D. C. Winburn, Practical Laser Safety, 2017
The Standard states, “medical surveillance requirements have been limited to those that are clearly indicated, based on known risks of particular kinds of radiation.” However, the class and wavelength requirements are not clearly stated, and this Section, 6, should be clarified as follows (under Section 6.3.2): Laser personnel shall be subject to the following baseline eye examination for Class 3b and Class 4 laser environments:if lasers are emitting wavelengths in the ocular focus region (0.35-1.40 μm) of the spectrum, the retinal surfaces of the eye shall be examined by an ophthalmologist and condition recorded; andif lasers are emitting wavelengths outside the ocular focus region (0.35-1.40 μm) of the spectrum, only exterior surfaces of the eye need to be examined and the visual acuity test given.
The changing scope of Optometry in New Zealand: historical perspectives, current practice and research advances
Published in Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 2019
Joanna M. Black, Robert J. Jacobs, John R. Phillips, Monica L. Acosta
Comprehensive eye examination allows testing for eye diseases, neurological conditions and systemic diseases. While the number of systemic conditions that affect the eye is high, and testing for pathology has always been part of an eye examination conducted by Optometrists (Baker et al. 1997), routine eye examination using new technologies allow enhanced testing for the main systemic conditions that manifest in the eye and affect the population: diabetes mellitus, systemic hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, vascular diseases and systemic inflammatory disease. The extent to which a neurological examination can be undertaken will clearly depend on the facilities of the clinic, but also the capability of Optometrists to recognise and monitor systemic and neurological conditions that affect the eye. Neurological conditions that have ocular effects can manifest as relatively nonspecific symptoms such as visual disturbance or eye pain that can be identified during the routine eye examination. The tests are part of the health examination but an ongoing challenge of teaching and clinical practice is keeping pace with developments in imaging technology. The challenges ahead in terms of research focus are determining what are the similarities and differences in disease presentation, studies that need to involve other disciplines including ophthalmology and population health.