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Adaptation of Life to Extreme Conditions
Published in Michael Hehenberger, Zhi Xia, Huanming Yang, Our Animal Connection, 2020
Michael Hehenberger, Zhi Xia, Huanming Yang
Their methods of reproduction and development are also interesting: all terrestrial species use internal fertilization, while aquatic species use either internal or external fertilization. Almost all arthropods lay eggs, but scorpions give birth to live young. Some arthropod hatchlings undergo a total metamorphosis to produce the adult form. The level of maternal care for hatchlings can be nonexistent or—again with scorpions—quite intense and prolonged.
Adaptation of Life to Extreme Conditions
Published in Michael Hehenberger, Zhi Xia, Our Animal Connection, 2019
Their methods of reproduction and development are also interesting: all terrestrial species use internal fertilization, while aquatic species use either internal or external fertilization. Almost all arthropods lay eggs, but scorpions give birth to live young. Some arthropod hatchlings undergo a total metamorphosis to produce the adult form. The level of maternal care for hatchlings can be nonexistent or—again with scorpions—quite intense and prolonged.
Acute toxicity of three herbicide formulations of Astyanax altiparanae (Characiformes, Characidae), an emerging neotropical fish model species
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2023
Nathalia R. A. Rocha, Thiago A. Freato, José T. Filho, Admilson C. Barbosa, Talita M. Lázaro, Gabriel M. Schade, Gabriella B. Carvalho, Carlos A. F. Oliveira, José A. Senhorini, George S. Yasui, Paulo S. Monzani
Teleost fish rely on external fertilization, which involves the release of gametes into the surrounding medium. In this manner, gametes are exposed to contaminants present in water, such as herbicides, which may reduce sperm motility (Gonçalves et al. 2018). Fish exposed directly to herbicide formulations exhibited altered sperm quality. Sánchez et al. (2017) noted that Jenynsia multidentata exposed (24 or 96 hr) to 0.5 mg/L of glyphosate using Roundup Original®, Roundup Transorb®, and Roundup WG® formulations, a marked reduction in spermatozoa motility mediated by all formulations. Exposure of Odontesthes humensis to 7.8 mg/L glyphosate (Roundup®) for 24 hr produced a significant decrease in sperm concentration and motility parameters as well as increased membrane fluidity, ROS production, lipid peroxidation, and diminished mitochondrial functionality, lowering the fertilization potential of spermatozoa (Silveira et al. 2019).