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Environmental Disease
Published in Gary S. Moore, Kathleen A. Bell, Living with the Earth, 2018
Gary S. Moore, Kathleen A. Bell
Environmental disease refers to any pathologic process that is the consequence of external factors, including exposure to physical agents, such as UV radiation from the sun; exposure to chemical agents such as pesticides or water pollution; poor nutrition; and social or cultural behaviors that cause disease. Factors involved in the development of environmental disease may include polluted air and water, excess noise, UV radiation, ionizing radiation, food contamination, occupational exposure, toxic wastes, poor nutrition or diet, stress, and tobacco use. The World Health Organization (WHO) broadly defines environmental health risks as “all the physical, chemical and biological factors external to a person, and all related behaviors, but excluding those natural environments that cannot reasonably be modified.”71
A convenient fluorometric test method for skin sensitization using glutathione in chemico
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2021
Geon Ho Kim, Dong Ho Cha, Mahesh R. Nepal, Tae Cheon Jeong
Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), an occupational and environmental disease associated with immune reactions, results from skin sensitization (Gerberick et al. 2007; Kim et al. 2019b, 2018). It is generally accepted that skin sensitization is triggered through four key events of the adverse outcome pathway (AOP), which are (1) covalent binding of sensitizer to either thiol or amino group of skin proteins, (2) activation of keratinocytes to secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines, (3) antigen processing and presentation by dermal dendritic cells, and (4) stimulation of T cells (Bezerra et al. 2021; Kolle, Landsiedel, and Natsch 2020; MacKay et al. 2013). The re-exposure to the same sensitizing chemical might lead to ACD by triggering inflammatory processes responsible for the cutaneous lesion attributed to activated hapten-specific T cells (Guedes et al. 2017; Marigliani et al. 2019).
Development of tunnel intelligent monitoring and early warning system based on micro-service architecture: the case of AnPing tunnel
Published in Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 2020
Qi Liu, Guangyin Lu, Junrong Huang, Dongxin Bai
The tunnel monitoring is becoming more accurate and faster utilizing advanced instruments and powerful algorithms. However, if tunnel monitoring is to be truly efficient, these devices and algorithms are supposed to be integrated into a unified and coordinated system and work automatically. Due to the harsh environment in the tunnel, web service based on the internet becomes an optimal carrier of the data interchange and transmission due to its flexibility and high efficiency. Over the years, many scholars have done a lot of research on the Internet-based tunnel web monitoring system (Ranaweera et al. 2013; Zhai et al. 2016; Bossi et al. 2017; Liu et al. 2020). Wei proposed a novel web-based visualization platform to help TBM operators efficiently manage, process and visualize the TBM parameters (Wei et al. 2019; Zhang et al. 2020). Sun proposed a design scheme for a tunnel monitoring and measuring system with laser scanning as the main sensor for tunnel environmental disease and deformation analysis(Sun et al. 2020; Zhang et al. 2020; Wang et al.2020). Therefore, a 24-hour automatic monitoring mechanism could be built through the wireless communication based on the internet, which enabled the decision-makers to manage the instruments and to publish early warning information in a convenient and low-cost way.
Environmental health needs a new paradigm, I. getting back in focus
Published in Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health, 2018
Environmental health is about reducing the scope of individual behavior, not modifying it or changing lifestyle. Individual behavior certainly has a role in environmental health when it comes to personal protection in occupational health, compliance by food handlers, handwashing by healthcare workers, and vaccination against polio (an environmental disease, lest we forget), but mostly we try to engineer out individual choice, discretion, and motivation, so that protection is as reliable and automatic as it can be. The central problem for behavioral science in environmental health is to motivate response on a community or national level to achieve effective policies, near-universal compliance, and support for funding structural (as opposed to behavioral) public health interventions. It is not to motivate individual behavioral change to deal with common-source exposures affecting a community; this is a secondary consideration.