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Marine-Derived Polysaccharides: Pharmaceutical Applications
Published in Amit Kumar Nayak, Md Saquib Hasnain, Dilipkumar Pal, Natural Polymers for Pharmaceutical Applications, 2019
Dilipkumar Pal, Supriyo Saha, Amit Kumar Nayak, Md Saquib Hasnain
Chiu et al., suggested the appreciable prevention of growth against Enterovirus 71 by carrageenan. New strain of Enterovirus 71 and Vero Cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium with fetal bovine serum (2%) at 37°C temperature followed by stored at (–)80°C temperature for evaluation by carrageenan polymer against cell proliferation assay by MTS, plaque reduction rate, binding of carrageenan with Enterovirus 71 as detected by ELISA (Figure 1.8). The outcomes revealed that carrageenan was observed with great effectiveness in plaque reduction and inhibition of enterovirus-induced apoptosis with the firm binding of carrageenan with a wall of enterovirus. These outcomes revealed the prevention of carrageenan against Enterovirus 71 with full zeal (Chiu et al., 2012).
Quantum Dots: Light Emitters for Diagnostics and Therapeutics
Published in Ana Rute Neves, Salette Reis, Nanoparticles in Life Sciences and Biomedicine, 2018
Joao L. M. Santos, Jose X. Soares, S. Sofia M. Rodrigues, David S. M. Ribeiro
Several immunoassay approaches have been designed relying on the utilization of selected quenchers of QDs’ fluorescence, either by photoinduced electron transfer or by energy transfer mechanisms. This strategy functions as “turn on” sensors as the QDs’ fluorescence is “switched on” in the presence of the target specie. For instance, Chen et al. [78] described an immunoassay based on streptavidin- conjugated QDs, emitting at 525 and 605 nm, and biotinylated antibodies for the simultaneous determination of Human Enterovirus 71 (EV71) and Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3). Graphene oxide (GO) was used as a QD quencher. Upon target recognition the QD-GO interaction was cleaved and fluorescence was restored.
The effect of ambient temperature on hand, foot and mouth disease in Qingdao, China, 2014-2018
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2022
Xueling Xin, Xiaowen Hu, Long Zhai, Jing Jia, Bei Pan, Yalin Han, Fachun Jiang
Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is an infectious gastrointestinal disease primarily caused by Coxsackie A16 (CA16) and Enterovirus 71 (EV71). It occurs mainly in children under 5 years old (Gopalkrishna et al. 2012; Liu et al. 2013). The typical clinical features include fever, painful papules and blisters over the extremities and genitalia and an exanthema involving ulceration of the mouth, palate, and pharynx (Ventarola et al. 2015). While usually not fatal, a small proportion of patients who have neurological and systemic complications have been known to develop rapidly, which may lead to death (Xing et al. 2014). Many serious HFMD outbreaks have been reported in Asian countries over the past few decades, including Vietnam, Japan, Hong Kong, Taiwan (Ho et al. 1999; Taniguchi et al. 2007; Ma et al. 2010; Khanh et al. 2012). The epidemic situation of HFMD in mainland China was quite serious. From 2008 to 2012, at least 6.5 million cases of HFMD were recorded, of which more than 2000 died (Zeng et al. 2013). Compared with other cities in Shandong Province, the incidence of HFMD in Qingdao City is higher, with an average annual incidence of 117.6/100,000 (Jiang et al. 2016). Despite decades of research, there is no vaccine or effective curative treatment for all types, hence it is especially important to identify related risk factors to prevent it.