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The Vulnerability of Microbial Ecosystems in a Challenging Climate
Published in Javid A. Parray, Suhaib A. Bandh, Nowsheen Shameem, Climate Change and Microbes, 2022
Basharat A. Bhat, Lubna Tariq, Rakeeb A. Mir, Ishfaq Majeed, Maajid M. Bandh
There occurs a difference in abiotic factors of soil environment between the hypersphere and the bulk soil, which leads to different soil bacterial and fungal associations (Hao et al., 2020). Ectomycorrhizal roots influence soil pH, soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus content which have a substantial effect on bacterial communities. They also serve as hotspots for fungal–bacterial interactions and nutrient cycling. The carbon flow in hypersphere from fungal hyphae to bacteria occurs through consumption of hyphal exudates, grazing on living hyphae, or degradation of senescent hyphae (Hao et al., 2020). The studies on mutualistic interactions between fungi and bacteria reported that fungi select bacteria on the basis of their efficiency to utilize decomposed products to the maximum possible extant and also in many cases, bacteria provide carbon and nitrogen to the fungi (Dighton, 2006). Evidences also support that N-fixing and P-solubilizing bacteria in association with fungal hyphae enhance nutrient cycling in hyphosphere (Hao et al., 2020). Penicillium fungi are a ubiquitous group of soil microbes and are considered to be a key component in phosphorus cycling (Sharma et al., 2013), which mainly occurs through the release of organic anions with considerable differences between species (Zheng et al., 2017; Zhu et al., 2018; Tarafdar, 2019). Many strains have been developed as biofertilizers especially as plant phosphorus nutrition (Storer et al., 2018). Phosphonates have also been reported as the best source of phosphorus following bacterial C-P lyase activity in marine ecosystems (Karl and Björkman, 2015; Tapia-Torres et al., 2016).
Revegetation of Mine Sites
Published in Bruno Bussière, Marie Guittonny, Hard Rock Mine Reclamation, 2020
OM amendment generally brings a nitrogen reserve to the system, but since plant roots can only absorb nitrogen under mineral forms (NH4+ and NO3-), decomposers must breakdown organic nitrogen to mineral forms before being used by plants. If ectomycorrhiza are associated with plant roots, they could help their host plants to obtain usable amino acids from N-rich organic compounds (Wu 2011). The use of N-fixing plants, like those of the Fabaceae family, can help increase the N stock of the soil. However, this N stock comes from plant litter and must be decomposed to be recycled in an available form to plants.
Factors Responsible for Spatial Distribution of in Soil
Published in Suhaib A. Bandh, Javid A. Parray, Nowsheen Shameem, Climate Change and Microbial Diversity, 2023
In terms of scale, at the largest scale use of land and the vegetation in dominant are the most important factors influencing soil enzyme activity (Stursova and Baldrian, 2011). As compared with agricultural land and grassland, forest soil contains more fungal biomass. Additionally, ectomycorrhizal fungi in forest soil form mycorrhizal association with plant roots. The dominant tree taxa that form the association, their litter production, rooting depth, and photosynthesis production directly influenced the soil enzyme distribution (Baldrian and Stursova, 2011). Changes in the soil enzyme both qualitatively and quantitatively determine the nutrient level of the soil. In agricultural land, different agricultural practices, such as cropping system, nutrient management, etc. influence the enzyme activity (Srinivasarao et al., 2014). Several workers have reported that in cultivated soil, low enzyme activity has been observed when compared with the forest and grasslands (Monreal and Bregstrom, 2000; Saviozzi et al., 2001). In the forest, the microbial extracellular enzymes as well as the enzymes from the plant litters are affected by the dominant tree species. Whereas in mixed forest, different tree species through their difference in litter quality, soil moisture absorption and rhizospheral effect regulate soil enzyme distribution and activity (Snajdr et al., 2013). At smaller scale, the soil physiology such as organic matter concentration, inorganic nutrients, and soil pH influences the enzyme activity. The pH of the soil determines the microbial community (Lauber et al., 2009). According to several workers, using Meta-analysis, it was found that organic matter content and the soil pH directly affect the soil enzyme activity (Rousk et al., 2010; Sinsabaugh et al., 2008).
Soil community catabolic profiles for a semiarid reclaimed surface coalmine
Published in International Journal of Mining, Reclamation and Environment, 2023
Mohammad Emad Tahtamouni, Sa’eb Khresat, Mary Lucero, Jesus Sigala, Adrian Unc
Organic acids are involved in numerous metabolic reactions in soils and are both a product of, and a substrate for, microbial heterotrophic activity. [56] suggests differences in microbial community structure between disturbed and undisturbed soils may result from carboxylic acid production or differences in microbial uptake capacity, linked to substrate-specific transporter proteins. Concentrations of simple organic acids in forest soils reflect higher (ectomycorrhizal) fungi concentrations [57, 58]. The removal of all vegetation prior to mining and subsequent disturbance to the topsoil has been shown to result in a loss of over 80% of the total microbial biomass [59] and decreased ectomycorrhizal species richness. Accordingly, gradients in organic C levels observed in this current study simply reflect the intensity of prior mining practices.
Selected fungi of the genus Lactarius - screening of antioxidant capacity, antimicrobial activity, and genotoxicity
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2022
Miroslava Stanković, Violeta Mitić, Vesna Stankov Jovanović, Marija Dimitrijević, Jelena Nikolić, Gordana Stojanović
This species grows under the acidic soil of conifers and forms a mycorrhizal relationship with its host tree (Onbasili et al. 2015). L. sanguifluus and L. semisanguifluus are ectomycorrhiza species a form of symbiotic relationship that occurs between a fungal symbiont and the roots of various plant species which grow in association with pines (Olaizola et al. 2018).