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Damage Detection in Reinforced Concrete Girders by Finite Element and Artificial Intelligence Synergy
Published in M.Z. Naser, Leveraging Artificial Intelligence in Engineering, Management, and Safety of Infrastructure, 2023
Hayder A. Rasheed, Ahmed Al-Rahmani, AlaaEldin Abouelleil
Researchers have also utilized digital imaging techniques such as digital image correlation (DIC), light detection and ranging (LiDAR), and fractal analysis to evaluate damage in reinforced concrete structures. DIC relies on algorithms that process data from high resolution images to measure surface displacements and strains. Li et al. (2008) used DIC to detect cracks and assess damage for several experimental reinforced concrete beams. Loland’s model was selected to quantify damage and damage evolution, and data recorded through DIC was applied in FE model updating to define the initial damage and material parameters in the damaged model. The results of this experiment suggested that DIC combined with techniques such as FE model updating can effectively quantify structural damage. Applications of 3D LiDAR technology in damage detection and quantification were investigated in three case studies summarized by Chen et al. (2012). One case study of a bridge in Iowa highlighted the ability of LiDAR to not only detect cracks, but also to describe their precise location and dimensions.
Laboratory investigation of digital image correlation techniques for structural assessment
Published in Hiroshi Yokota, Dan M. Frangopol, Bridge Maintenance, Safety, Management, Life-Cycle Sustainability and Innovations, 2021
M. Domaneschi, G.P. Cimellaro, M. De Iuliis, G.C. Marano
Digital Image Correlation (DIC) is a measurement technique that has recently been proposed for structural inspection and monitoring. DIC is a non-contact optical, measuring method that applies two digital cameras to measure surface geometry, displacement, and strain. DIC has been applied previously to analyze different structures at different scale. Several studies have been conducted on laboratory tests to examine the cracking behavior and displacement of concrete and steel beams during bending tests (Lecompte et al. 2006; Alam and Loukili 2010; Mentes 2011). DIC can provide more information than visual inspection and is an accurate method of measuring full field displacement, strain, and cracks. Küntz et al. (2006) applied DIC to measure the displacement field on a cracked concrete girder during a bridge loading test. Sas et al. (2012) tested the strain on a concrete girder during a failure test of a bridge through DIC. Results of this work showed that DIC provides a more comprehensive image of the strain distribution as compared to a traditional strain gage.
Unconventional measurement techniques in experiments on masonry
Published in Jan Kubica, Arkadiusz Kwiecień, Łukasz Bednarz, Brick and Block Masonry - From Historical to Sustainable Masonry, 2020
Digital Image Correlation (DIC) is a full-field optical technique developed in the early 1980s to measure surface displacements (Peters & Ranson 1982). It has been used in experimental mechanical engineering and material science (Sebastiani et al. 2011, Sadowski & Kneć 2013), structural health monitoring (Malesa et al. 2010) and biomechanics (Sztefek et al. 2010). The DIC method is based on the correlation of digital images taken before and after deformation during a test. Many correlation criteria exist to calculate strain and displacement fields, using pre-defined shape functions, which interpolate the data measured in some points of the specimen surface. Data are obtained in pixels and converted into millimeters, so resolution and accuracy depend on the sensor of the camera and on the distance between camera and specimen, that is, on how big is a pixel. Sub-pixel interpolation algorithms can further improve resolution to 1/100th of the pixel (Pan et al. 2009).
The fracture behaviour of cement bitumen emulsion mixture through the digital image correlation (DIC) method
Published in International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 2023
Jian Ouyang, Wenting Yang, Peng Cao, Baoguo Han
As shown in Figure 4, according to the AASHTO specification (AASHTO TP105 2015), the SCB test was performed at a constant loading speed of 0.5 mm/min and a constant temperature of 25°C. To ensure the consistent internal and external temperature of the specimens, specimens were placed in the temperature-controlled chamber at 25°C for at least four hours before the fracture test. DIC was used to record the displacement of the SCB specimen during the whole loading process. DIC is an optical and contactless measurement technique. It can accurately calculate the displacement and strain on a specific area by the image correlation from simultaneous monochrome images (Freire et al.2021). The 3D displacement and strain fields of a specific area can be obtained when two digital cameras are used. A relevant study has shown that the DIC method can achieve satisfactory accuracy compared to traditional equipment, whose accuracy is 0.04% for compressive/tensile strains and 0.03% for shear strains (Birgisson et al.2011). Thus, the DIC method was employed to accurately obtain strain field and deformation during the fracture process of CBEM in this study.
Exploring buckling and post-buckling behavior of incompressible hyperelastic beams through innovative experimental and computational approaches
Published in Mechanics Based Design of Structures and Machines, 2023
O. Azarniya, A. Forooghi, M. V. Bidhendi, A. Zangoei, S. Naskar
The Digital Image Correlation (DIC) method is an effective tool for solving a wide range of complex engineering problems. This is because the method has the ability to calculate the full-field displacement, which is essential in analyzing deformations in a material or structure. The DIC method is also a nondestructive testing method, which means that it does not cause any permanent damage to the material being analyzed. Additionally, the method has a high measurement sensitivity, which allows for accurate and precise measurements of deformations in the material or structure. Due to these unique properties, the DIC method is a valuable tool in many fields of engineering, including materials science, mechanical engineering, civil engineering, and aerospace engineering (Azarniya and Rahimi 2022; Peres and Bono 2011; Shojaeifard, Wang, and Baghani 2022; Tabatabaei and Fattahi 2022; Zangoei et al. 2023). In this approach, spots of the staining pattern are tracked before and after loading on the sample surface. (Cabello et al. 2016) introduced a novel approach for simulating sandwich beams including flexible core materials. By utilizing the elasticity theory and developing it for hyperelastic materials, they presented an analytical model and compared its outcomes with the DIC. In 2021, (Giordano, Mao, and Chiang 2021) performed the practical process of DIC to peruse the three-point bending of sandwich beams which are constructed by foam core and composite skins. In their work, the displacement and strain outcomes were compared with the analytical results.
Measuring the static shear strength of anaerobic adhesives in finite thickness under high pressure
Published in The Journal of Adhesion, 2021
P. Corigliano, M. Ragni, D. Castagnetti, V. Crupi, E. Dragoni, E. Guglielmino
Two types of analysis were carried out: a global analysis and a full-field analysis. The global analysis registered the torque up to complete failure and the angle of twist imposed by the Instron 8854 machine. The full-field analysis focused on almost the whole specimen surface with particular attention to the area close to the specimen interface and allowed monitoring the 3D displacements and strains responses of the specimen through Digital Image Correlation (DIC): an ARAMIS 3D system produced by GOM mbH, Germany, was used. The DIC technique is a full-field non-contact measurement method that allows the detection of displacement and strain fields, and can be used to monitor also areas that are hard to analyse using traditional tools as strain gages, etc. Two cameras with a resolution of 4000 × 3000 pixels and a focal length of 50 mm were used to monitor the specimen, thus ensuring an accuracy in the strain measurement up to 0.01%. In order to recognize the surface structure of the measuring object in digital camera images and allocate coordinates to the image pixels, the specimens were painted with a black/white speckle pattern. The acquisition frequency of the images for the DIC analysis was equal to 1 Hz. Figure 4 shows the experimental setup.