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Trenchless installation technologies of sea outfalls, intakes and landfalls
Published in Cezary Madryas, Andrzej Kolonko, Beata Nienartowicz, Arkadiusz Szot, Underground Infrastructure of Urban Areas 3, 2014
Cezary Madryas, Andrzej Kolonko, Beata Nienartowicz, Arkadiusz Szot
Microorganisms which settle conduits as the first initially are able to survive in certain unfavourable conditions. As the colonies grow, they modify their immediate environment to optimize their living conditions. As time passes, the colonies attract other more demanding organisms, e.g. Legionella, which usually feed on the metabolites of the organisms forming the pioneer colony. In this way the biofilm’s structure becomes even more varied. Various bacteria, protozoa, nematodes and snails can settle in the biofilm. The biofilm ensures parallel development for many environments. It is settled by both aerobic and anaerobic organisms. The place of settlement in this case depends on, among other things, the presence/ absence of oxygen. The different organisms within this complex structure which the biofilm is communicate with each other via the tangle of extracellular organic polymers interwoven with water channels.
Biological Responses in Context
Published in Arthur T. Johnson, Biology for Engineers, 2019
Bacterial colonies can also communicate with each other electrically by passing charged ions from one to another through ion channels in their outer membranes, in some ways similar to communicate among neurons. This helps to coordinate actions and responses for the benefit of the entire colony (Prindle et al., 2015).
Exceptional endemicity of Aotearoa New Zealand biota shows how taxa dispersal traits, but not phylogeny, correlate with global species richness
Published in Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 2023
A lack of support for these hypotheses could reflect the quality of the underlying data available on species endemicity and richness, and/or that these characteristics are not good indicators of species gene flow. For example, classifying higher taxa into body size classes based on their adult life-stage does not account for the longevity and dispersal of microscopic life-stages, whether spores, eggs, or larvae (Costello et al. 2015a, 2015b). Colonial organisms like many species of cnidarians, sponges and bryozoans live some time as microscopic organisms but form large colonies. Thus, the present analysis explores whether general patterns exist that could be improved upon when more detailed classifications of species traits are available.