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Dentin-Pulp Complex Regeneration
Published in Vincenzo Guarino, Marco Antonio Alvarez-Pérez, Current Advances in Oral and Craniofacial Tissue Engineering, 2020
Amaury Pozos-Guillén, Héctor Flores
All tissues originate from stem cells, which play an indispensable role in embryonic development and tissue regeneration. These cells are capable of self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation into multiple mature cell types. Stem cell potency describes the potential of the cell to divide and express different cell phenotypes. Totipotent stem cells are able to divide and produce all the cells in an individual. Pluripotent stem cells have not completely divided and can become many cells, but not all lineages. They are able to differentiate into any of the three germ layers: endoderm, mesoderm or ectoderm, where the progeny has multiple distinct phenotypes, whilst multipotent stem cells can differentiate into cells from multiple, but a limited number of lineages (Robey 2000).
Boosting osteogenic potential and bone regeneration by co-cultured cell derived extracellular matrix incorporated porous electrospun scaffold
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2021
Andrew Padalhin, Reiza Ventura, Boram Kim, Tamanna Sultana, Chan Mi Park, Byong-Taek Lee
Extracellular matrix constitutes the main structural support for housing cells of all tissue types. Comprising of mainly cell derived proteins; these biological frames are highly suitable for cell attachment and proliferation. Several studies have also suggested that extracellular matrix can highly influence cell differentiation and resulting tissue development [25–29]. But unlike stem cells, ECM does not require highly patient-tailored approach, making its application highly adaptable and ubiquitous. Extensive research in tissue engineering has led to interest in mimicking and fabricating analogues of ECM under laboratory conditions [30,31]. In this regard, stem cells have been in the fore front of investigation in ex vivo ECM synthesis [10,12,15,32]. A recent study has concluded that ECM sourced from mesenchymal stem cells supported stem cell proliferation and retained the cells’ receptiveness to osteogenic growth factor (BMP-2) [27]. Aside from maintaining stem cell potency, ECM from younger stem cells have also been found to restore potential for osteogenesis of aged mesenchymal stem cells and lower oxidative stress [28].