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Comparison of Healing Effect of DMSP in Green Sea Algae and Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Various Inflammatory Disorders
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Parkinson’s disease is a chronic and progressive neurological disease (European Brain Council, 2011; Tieu, 2011; Blesa et al., 2012; Solari et al., 2018). The age of onset of the disease is usually over 60 (European Brain Council, 2011). The disease is the second most common neurodegenerative brain disorder after Alzheimer’s disease (Tieu, 2011). The incidence of the disorder causes slow physical movements (bradykinesia), tremor at rest, muscle stiffness (rigidity), and balance difficulties (postural instability). The symptoms of PD result in the deficiency of dopamine in the substantia nigra in the striatum in the brain, and the formed Lewy bodies are mainly consisting of α-synuclein and ubiquitin (Meredith & Pademacher, 2011; Blesa et al., 2012; Solari et al., 2018). The deficiency of dopamine plays a significant role in controlling smooth movement of muscle and disappearance of 60%–80% of dopaminergic neurons appears to cease the normal movement (Meredith & Pademacher, 2011; European Brain Fact Sheet, 2011). However, the effective cure agents have been not found up to date.
Ambulatory and Remote Monitoring of Parkinson’s Disease Motor Symptoms
Published in Daniel Tze Huei Lai, Rezaul Begg, Marimuthu Palaniswami, Healthcare Sensor Networks, 2016
Joseph P. Giuffrida, Edward J. Rapp
While tremor is often the most common Parkinson’s disease symptom, bradykinesia is often most troubling to the patient (Guyton and Hall 1996). Bradykinesia refers to delays or hesitations in initiating, and slowness in executing, movements (Dunnewold, Jacobi, and van Hilten 1997; Poluha, Teulings, and Brookshire 1998). The standard clinical method for analysing bradykinesia is a qualitative assessment by a clinician and a score assignment (0–4) based on the UPDRS, assigned while the subject completes repetitive finger-tapping, repetitive hand opening-closing and pronation/supination. Objective assessment of movements associated with Parkinson’s disease can be challenging for movement disorder specialists (Poluha, Teulings, and Brookshire 1998), as they are to take into account several different features of the movement such as speed, amplitude and rhythm, as well as changes in those features over time. A key feature of bradykinesia that differentiates it from tremor is that it needs to be evaluated within the context of a known task. This is why a clinician instructs a patient through repetitive finger-tapping, hand grasps and pronation/supination of the forearm to evaluate bradykinesia (Goetz et al. 2003). During the task, clinicians are watching the speed and amplitude of the movement in addition to any changes in those features during the repetitive movement, as well as hesitations that occur. Therefore, in the context of the ambulatory environment, without knowing whether a patient is actually trying to complete a task, it is difficult to determine if he or she is simply relaxing watching television or getting stuck while trying to turn the pages of a book. Therefore, this places the constraint on the system that the patient should be receiving real-time task-based instructions, and the recorded motion data should be synchronized to those instructions.
Parkinson’s Disease Detection Using Voice Measurements
Published in Rohit Raja, Sandeep Kumar, Shilpa Rani, K. Ramya Laxmi, Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in 2D/3D Medical Image Processing, 2020
Raj Kumar Patra, Akanksha Gupta, Maguluri Sudeep Joel, Swati Jain
Slowness of movement (bradykinesia). Later, Parkinson’s syndrome might slow down movement, making straightforward tasks difficult and tedious. One’s steps will become smaller when walking and it may become difficult to get up from a seated position. individual might falter while attempting walking. Unbending muscle fibres. Muscular inflexibility or cramps occurred in one body parts randomly. Hardened muscles cause difficulties and limit the span of movements [7].
Effects of medication and dual tasking on postural sway in Parkinson’s disease: A pilot case study
Published in Advanced Robotics, 2021
Arito Yozu, Kohei Kaminishi, Daisuke Ishii, Yuichiro Omura, Akira Matsushita, Yutaka Kohno, Ryosuke Chiba, Jun Ota
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that was first reported by James Parkinson [1]. PD is one of the most common neurological disorders, with more than six million people affected worldwide [2,3]. Patients with PD present both motor and non-motor symptoms. Motor symptoms include tremor, slowness of movement (bradykinesia), rigidity, and postural instability. Non-motor symptoms include cognitive disturbance, mood changes, and constipation [4,5]. The Hoehn and Yahr Scale is commonly used to describe the progression of the disease. It includes five stages, from mild (stage I) to severe (stage V) [6]. The main pathological characteristic of PD is the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra [4,7]. The main medication used to treat PD is levodopa, which is converted to dopamine in the remaining dopaminergic neurons [4,5].
Using topic modeling to infer the emotional state of people living with Parkinson’s disease
Published in Assistive Technology, 2021
Andrew P. Valenti, Meia Chita-Tegmark, Linda Tickle-Degnen, Alexander W. Bock, Matthias J. Scheutz
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a universal disorder with an incidence ranging from 9.7 to 13.8 per 100,000 population per year (WHO, 2006). In the US, PD follows Alzheimer’s disease as the most common neurodegenerative disorder, affecting at least 500,000 Americans and perhaps 500,000 more if we include the undiagnosed and misdiagnosed cases (National Institute of Health, 2018). Tremors, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and loss of balance are symptoms which accompany the disease; it is progressive, the symptoms worsening over time. The first three symptoms can occur in the facial, respiratory, and vocal muscles, resulting in diminished control of one’s facial and vocal expression which can dissociate one’s inner emotional state from the outward facial appearance; this is known as facial masking and is called hypomimia. Because people rely heavily on facial expression in attributing and interpreting other’s emotions and motivational states, facial masking can deeply affect the person’s ability to communicate which may lead to impaired social interactions and reduced quality of life (Sturkenboom et al., 2013; Takahashi & Tickle-Degnen, 2010). For example, rehabilitation therapists often use a client’s verbal and nonverbal behavior to infer the client’s emotional state; if the client is mostly silent or displaying little facial expression, the therapist may infer the client to be more hopeless or apathetic which may not be their true emotional state. In the home and community, desynchronization between a person’s emotional state and her external expression can occur during any social situation, which might take place in the home, among family and friends, and at work (Takahashi & Tickle-Degnen, 2010). This may exacerbate feelings of social incapacitation and stigmatization, which leads to reduced quality of life and the vicious cycle of decreasing social engagement (Ma, Saint-Hilaire, Thomas, & Tickle-Degnen, 2016).
A Novel Approach Using Learning Algorithm for Parkinson’s Disease Detection with Handwritten Sketches’
Published in Cybernetics and Systems, 2022
Anurag Shrivastava, Midhun Chakkaravarthy, Mohd Asif Shah
There are five stages,Uncontrollable tremors and shaking that can’t be stopped. The inability to keep balance, delayed movement (bradykinesia), and finally difficulties standing up are some of the symptoms of this condition.stiff fingers (Shah et al. 2018)In its early stages, Parkinson’s disease is identified by a lack of facial expression on the part of the patient. When you are in public, you should not keep your arms at your sides; doing so is considered disrespectful. It’s possible that the volume of your voice will decrease, and your speech may become more slurred. Parkinson’s disease symptoms tend to worsen in tandem with the progression of the underlying disease. Those who suffer from this neurodegenerative condition will gradually see a decline in their overall quality of life as the disease worsens over time. There is presently no treatment that may completely reverse the disease, although there are drugs that may greatly reduce the severity of the symptoms. When all other therapy options have been exhausted, medical professionals may suggest operating on the patient’s brain (Pramanik, Pradhan, and Nandy 2021).The dying process for damaged nerve cells takes place in the substantia nigra, which is found in the middle layer of the brain. As a result of this, the amount of the neurotransmitter dopamine that is present in the brain is reduced. Dopamine is involved in a wide variety of complicated cognitive processes in the brain, one of which is the regulation of movement. A condition that originates in the brain or spinal cord and, as a result, renders it difficult or impossible for a person to move. As a consequence of this, the ground may occasionally quake. A decrease in the amount of dopamine in the body is what brings on the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. This decrease in dopamine is brought on by damage to the nerve cells in the brain, which is what causes the condition. In many cases, the first symptom of Parkinson’s disease that is evident is a tremor in one hand. Additional warning signs include frequently losing your footing and walking in a manner that is jerky and not natural to you. The symptoms of Parkinson’s disease can typically be effectively managed by the use of medication (Almilaji 2022).