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Integrated Cantilever-Based Biosensors for the Detection of Chemical and Biological Entities
Published in Tuan Vo-Dinh, Nanotechnology in Biology and Medicine, 2017
Elise A. Corbin, Ashkan YekrangSafakar, Olaoluwa Adeniba, Amit Gupta, Kidong Park, Rashid Bashir
Second, the surface of the microcantilever has to be carefully functionalized so that it is highly specific to the target entity with minimal nonspecific binding. High level of selectivity and specificity in the biochemical detection is essential, when the target entities are in a biological fluid containing undefined proteins and biomolecules. To this aim, the probe molecules that will capture the target entities should have high affinity as well as high selectivity, and the detection assay should be carefully designed. Besides, the surface of the microcantilever has to be passivated with macromolecules such as BSA and PEG, to minimize nonspecific binding. Also, it will be beneficial to add pre-filtration step before the actual assay so that majority of nonrelevant proteins and macromolecules can be removed.
Preparation, properties, applications and outlook of graphene-based materials in biomedical field: a comprehensive review
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2023
Luyang Yao, Anqi Chen, Li Li, Yu Liu
Biochemical detection is an indispensable approach to disease prevention and diagnosis. According to literature reports, biosensors based on graphene can respond to hydrogen peroxide, uric acid, glucose, dopamine, lipids, peptides, ions, ascorbic acid, cholesterol, nucleic acid, pathogenic microorganisms and other substances [150–152]. Uric acid (UA) levels in the body are strongly linked to kidney disease, Reanpang et al. [150] decorated the screen-printed carbon electrode with a mixture of carbon black (CB) and GO (1:1), the combination of CB and GO can improve sensitivity and achieve an extremely low limit of detection for UA determination (0.01 μM) and the linear range was wide (0.05–2000 μM). Further, flow injection ampere sensor system was prepared based on the modified electrode, at the 95% confidence level, the detection data of the system was very consistent with the hospital standard detection method based on uric acid enzyme/peroxide enzymatic (R2 = 0.9908), which is expected to become an economical and effective alternative. Yang et al. [153] provided a phage-based electrochemical biosensor, in order to improve the performance of the biosensor, rGO and gold nanoparticles were added to further improve the REDOX stability and conductivity due to its fast electron transfer rate and electrocatalytic activity. The biosensor can specifically detect live Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and does not react to phage non-host bacteria and dead Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. At present, several studies have reported graphene-based biosensors for COVID-19 detection, with different designs that can achieve multiple detections of viral infection biomarkers such as IgG and IgM antibodies, viral antigen nucleocapsid protein, C-reactive protein, spike protein, viral RNA, etc., on this basis, further integrated IoT (Internet of Things) module can meet the diagnostic needs as well as effectively screen the transmission of SARS-COV-2 [154, 155]. Similarly, quantitative detection of cancer biomarkers (DNA, miRNA, proteins) enables early diagnosis of different types of cancer diseases [156].