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Predicting the Biomechanics of the Aorta Using Ultrasound
Published in Ayman El-Baz, Jasjit S. Suri, Cardiovascular Imaging and Image Analysis, 2018
Mansour AlOmran, Alexander Emmott, Richard L. Leask, Kevin Lachapelle
Thoracic aortic disease continues to be associated with a significant burden of morbidity and mortality in the general population. Disease of the thoracic aorta is due to aneurysm and/or dissection. An aneurysm is by definition an aortic diameter twice the normal size. This can lead to frank rupture or dissection then rupture. A dissection is a tearing of the inner lumen of the aorta such that the layers of the media separate and blood flows into a false lumen as well as the true lumen. An aortic rupture and an ascending aortic dissection (Type A) are considered surgical emergencies. The mortality is high and generally over 50% are dead without surgical treatment within two weeks. Despite improvement in diagnostics and advanced surgical techniques, mortality rates following surgery for acute aortic syndromes such as a rupture or type A aortic dissection continue to be associated with an overall mortality of 20–25% and significant morbidity such as stroke [1–5]. This high mortality following acute life-saving surgery is contrasted by the much lower risk of mortality (1.5–2.5%) when the ascending aortic aneurysm is repaired electively [3, 4, 6, 7]. This comparison illustrates the critical importance of early detection of individuals at risk for acute aortic syndromes such as dissection and rupture. Currently, most aortic aneurysms are detected incidentally when undergoing imaging for an unrelated issue, as aortic disease is generally asymptomatic until a first presentation of catastrophic dissection or even sudden death [9].
Respiratory system and chest
Published in David A Lisle, Imaging for Students, 2012
Transoesophageal echocardiogram may be used as a problem-solving tool in difficult or equivocal cases. Interventional radiology is commonly used to treat aortic rupture, with aortogram and covered stent deployment (Fig. 2.48).
Numerical study on the injury mechanism of blunt aortic rupture of the occupant in frontal and side-impact
Published in International Journal of Crashworthiness, 2023
Fang Tong, FengChong Lan, JiQing Chen, DongRi Li, Xiong Li
Aortic ruptures could be commonly observed in occupants especially in drivers during a high-speed blunt thoracic impact in a traffic accident [1], in which the occupant would be subjected to the automotive interior such as the steering wheel in frontal impact and door in side-impact [2,3]. Aortic rupture is often accompanied by high mortality. A retrospective study conducted by Trlica [4] showed that 79% of victims with aortic rupture died at the incident scene; 6% of victims were transported to the hospital but died during the operation; only 15% of patients with aortic rupture survive. Aortic rupture is a major health and socioeconomic problem that influents all populations. Studies on the injury mechanisms of aortic rupture under various kinds of traffic-accident cases contributed to the accurate diagnoses and treatments of the aortic injury, traffic accident identification, and automobile safety design.
High rate failure properties of porcine aortic tissue under uniaxial tension
Published in International Journal of Crashworthiness, 2021
Piyush Gaur, Sanyam Sharma, Devendra Kumar, Anoop Chawla, Sudipto Mukherjee, Sanjeev Lalwani, Rajesh Malhotra
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death and disability in developed countries with immense societal and economic costs [1,2]. To alleviate the impact of such diseases, research has been performed in the regulation of cardiovascular systems and particularly, the biomechanical response of arterial tissue to physiological, supra-physiological and traumatic loading conditions. Aortic abdominal aneurysms (AAAs) are alone the 13th cause of death in developed countries [3–6] whereas aortic rupture in traumatic events like motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) accounts for about 20% of the fatalities and overall survivability of such injury is less than 5% with a fatality rate of approximately 90% at the accident scene [5,7–9]. Traumatic aortic rupture (TAR) in motor vehicle Motor vehicle crashes are often lethal with a high rate of fatality [9–11]. In 80-90% of traumatic aortic injury, patients die within first few hours, and approximately 2% of surviving patients are not diagnosed at the initial stages. The development of surgical treatments like endovascular surgery and minimal invasive techniques for aortic rupture involved mechanical features such as the application of loading, i.e. pressure, stresses and strains in arteries under both normal (physiological) and severe (motor vehicle crashes or cardiovascular problems) conditions. A better understanding of the mechanical response of arterial wall is therefore needed.