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Algae as Food and Nutraceuticals
Published in Sanjeet Mehariya, Shashi Kant Bhatia, Obulisamy Parthiba Karthikeyan, Algal Biorefineries and the Circular Bioeconomy, 2022
Chetan Aware, Virdhaval Nalavade, Rahul Jadhav, Shashi Kant Bhatia, Yung-Hun Yang, Jyoti Jadhav, Ranjit Gurav
Chlorophylls are photosynthesis green pigments found in both higher plants and algae, along with cyanobacteria. Chlorophyll a is required for photosynthesis in the respiratory chain of the thylakoid (García Sartal et al., 2012). Chlorophyll is believed to be transformed in prepared vegetable foods into pheophytin, pyrophytin, and pheophorbide and human intake. These derivatives have an antimutagenic activity and may be useful in cancer reduction. Pheophorbide had higher cellular absorption and suppression of myeloma cell number than pheophytin. However, dependent on the quantity of chlorophyll derivative interacting with cells, pheophytin was found to be slightly cytotoxic compared to pheophorbide (Chernomorsky et al., 1999). Chlorophyll intensity showed three times greater in algae grown in harbour zones than in an open sea location, according to initial research (Larsen et al., 2011). The brown species recorded a chlorophyll A composition of 0.5–2g/kg on a dry matter. Chlorophylls, for example, one of the ingredients in the production of jam, jelly, toffees, and ice cream, documented in the European Union under the E-number E-140 (García Sartal et al., 2012).
Poly-(lactic-co-glycolic acid) /poly-(vinyl alcohol) and cobalt ferrite magnetic nanoparticles as vanillin carriers
Published in Soft Materials, 2023
Naiane Naidek, Najeh Maissar Khalil, Carlos Alberto Policiano Almeida
The use of nanoparticles prepared from PLGA has attracted special interest in recent years, and PLGA being a biodegradable and biocompatible copolymer has been widely used in the formulation of drug delivery systems.[12] Once in a human body, the degradation of PLGA occurs by hydrolysis to produce the original monomers together with lactic and glycolic acid at a rate depending on the monomer composition and molecular weight.[12,13] Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is a surfactant that has been used with PLGA because of the antiaggregant properties resulting from the steric barrier it imposes on the surface of the nanoparticles during their formation.[10] Vanillin (3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-benzaldehyde) is a natural bioactive compound with a hydrophobic surface obtained from the beans of the vanilla pod, Vanilla planifolia.[14] It has strong antioxidant activity,[15,16] finding use as a flavoring, antimicrobial, antifoaming, and/or preservative agent for foodstuffs. In addition, it possesses important pharmacological properties, such as anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities.[15,17] In the last 25 years, it has been used, for example, as an antimutagenic agent against spontaneous mutations in colon and mammalian cancer cells.[18,19] With the correct formulation, a hybrid of PLGA and vanillin allows its use in human beings through a controlled release of the vanillin.