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Human and Epidemiological Studies
Published in Riadh W. Y. Habash, Electromagnetic Fields and Radiation, 2018
Preece et al. [18, 19] reported that exposure of human volunteers (36 subjects in two groups) to RFR from simulated cellular phones at 915 MHz (about 1 W mean power) may affect cognitive function in humans, particularly, by decreasing reaction times (a decrease in reaction time of 15 ms). They used a quarter-wave antenna mounted on a physical copy of an analog phone, as a sine wave, or a wave modulated at 217 Hz with 12.5 percent duty cycle, or no power, was applied to the left squamous temple region of the subjects while they undertook a series of cognitive function tests lasting approximately 25-30 minutes. There was evidence of an increase in responsiveness, strongly in the analog and less in the digital simulation, in choice reaction time. They associated the finding with an effect on the angular gyrus that acts as an interface between the visual and speech centers and which lies directly under and on the same side as the antenna. Such an effect could be consistent with mild localized heating, or possibly a nonthermal response, which is power dependent. These studies were largely behind the report on mobile phone safety issued by a special committee in the U.K. called the Independent Expert Group on Mobile Phones [20].
Therapeutic Monitoring of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Using fNIRS Assessment
Published in Yu Chen, Babak Kateb, Neurophotonics and Brain Mapping, 2017
We screened for any fNIRS channels involved in the oddball task in control subjects. Significant oxy-Hb increase was found in the right CH 10 (t = 4.59, p = 0.0003, Cohen’s d = 0.987) and the right CH 22 (t = 4.79, p = 0.0001, Cohen’s d = 1.013) in control subjects. The right CH 10 was located in the border region between the MFG and IFG (MNI coordinates x, y, z [SD]: 45, 44, 31 [15], MFG 78%, IFG 22%), and the right CH 22 was located in the border region between the right angular gyrus and the right supramarginal gyrus (MNI coordinates x, y, z [SD]: 57, −58, 46 [19], angular gyrus 96%, supramarginal gyrus 4%) with reference to macroanatomical brain atlases (Rorden and Brett 2000, Schecklmann et al. 2008) . Thus, we set the right CH 10 and 22 as an ROI for the rest of the study (Figure 4.4).
“It took me back 25 years in one bound”: self-generated flavor-based cues for self-defining memories in later life
Published in Human–Computer Interaction, 2023
Tom Gayler, Corina Sas, Vaiva Kalnikaite
Regarding cue effectiveness, HCI work has identified the importance of being recognizable, in terms of belonging to the original experience, personal relevancy, and distinctiveness so that only one memory is prompted by a given cue (Lee & Dey, 2007; Mazzoni et al., 2014). In addition, consistent findings on episodic retrieval have shown reliance on salient features from the content of the episodic memory that are shared with its cue (Schlagman et al., 2009). Such features reflect the sensory perceptual content of the memory event, such as the smell of the sea or sound of the waves (Ball & Little, 2006). The effectiveness of these features has been explained by the principle of encoding specificity (Conway, 2005; Tulving & Thomson, 1973). This is commonly reflected in the complexity of the cue, derived from its content as amount of distinct information such as colors, patterns, or textures for visual cues; and modality, i.e., one or more sensory modalities. The latter is particularly important as multimodal sensory cues and vivid episodic retrieval appear to be underpinned by the same neural substrates, i.e., angular gyrus (Tibon et al., 2019).
Are episodic memories special? On the sameness of remembered and imagined event simulation
Published in Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 2018
Event perception. While experiencing an episode, incoming perceptual information is processed by sensory cortices and different experiential elements are integrated online to build an event representation in posterior DMN regions (e.g. angular gyrus and posterior cingulate). The hippocampus provides high-level coherence by mediating integration of fine-grained perceptual information from content-specific cortices (provided via posterior hippocampal connections with posterior DMN regions such as posterior cingulate and angular gyrus) with large-scale conceptual information from schemas and semantic memory (provided via anterior hippocampal connectivity with anterior DMN regions such as medial prefrontal cortex and anterolateral temporal cortex). I suggest that the event representation is iteratively constructed and refined online, according to the ongoing stream of experience as well as pre-existing knowledge, via the reciprocal connectivity of the hippocampus with both anterior and posterior DMN, until such time as the event ends (as signalled by a contextual shift) and the current version of the event simulation is encoded by strengthening the active set of associations.
Effective connectivity inference in the whole-brain network by using rDCM method for investigating the distinction between emotional states in fMRI data
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization, 2023
Naemeh Farahani, Shabnam Ghahari, Emad Fatemizadeh, Ali Motie Nasrabadi
In this study, by considering 44 ROIs, we found other effective connections in addition to the mentioned connections in the previous studies (Fairhall and Ishai 2006; Mazzola et al. 2016; Purves et al. 2017; Seok and Cheong 2019; Farahani et al. 2019). Amongst these connections, there is a connection from the occipital fusiform gyrus to the angular gyrus. The angular gyrus is related to language and recovery of memory. Considering the role of visual regions in these connections, it can be interpreted that during applying emotional audio stimulation, visual and spatial imagination may lead to the appearance of such connectivity in the brain.