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Nanomedicine Therapeutic Approaches to Overcome Hypertension
Published in Sarwar Beg, Mahfoozur Rahman, Md. Abul Barkat, Farhan J. Ahmad, Nanomedicine for the Treatment of Disease, 2019
Md. Rizwanullah, Sadaf Jamal Gilani, Mohd Aqil, Syed Sarim Imam
Therefore, cost-effective approaches to optimally control blood pressure are very much needed (Selvam et al., 2010). There are many categories of antihypertensive agents, which lower blood pressure by different means; among the antihypertensive, most important and most widely used are the thiazide diuretics, β-blockers, the ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers and angiotensin II receptor antagonists. Most of the antihypertensive drug comes under BCS class II (low solubility and high permeability) which have low bioavailability as dissolution is the rate-limiting step.
Development and validation of novel HPTLC method for the simultaneous estimation of Amlodipine Besylate and Telmisartan in tablet dosage form using ICH Q2 (R1) directions
Published in Journal of the Chinese Advanced Materials Society, 2018
Tomleshkumar B. Deshmukh, Sujata S. Deo, Farhin S. Inam, Trimurti L. Lambat
Telmisartan (TEL), chemically it is 4-{[4-methyl-6-(1-methyl-1H-benzimidazole-2-yl)-2-propyl-1H-benzimidazole-1-yl]methyl}-2-biphenyl carboxalic acid.[4] It is an antihypertensive drug [5] having popularity in phamecutical network. It is a new angiotensin-II receptor antagonist that is highly selective for type-I angiotensin-II receptor. Angiotensin-II is the principle pressure agent of the rennin-angiotensin system with effects that comprise renal reabsorption of sodium, vasoconstriction, stimulation of synthesis and release of aldosterone cardiac stimulation.[6] Amlodipine Besylate and Telmisartan are widely used in the treatment of hypertension and available in market in the form of combined dosage form. Literature review reveals that the methods have been reported for AMB and TEL alone or in combined dosage forms are such as RP-HPLC,[7–9] spectrophotometric,[10,11] high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC),[12,13] voltammetry and ion-pair chromatographic method [5,14–16] and LC-MS methods.[17]
Genetic toxicity assessment using liver cell models: past, present, and future
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2020
Xiaoqing Guo, Ji-Eun Seo, Xilin Li, Nan Mei
Cytotoxicity is a critical factor when performing the alkaline elution assay. Most studies used a criterion of <30% cytotoxicity by trypan blue dye exclusion for a valid positive result. However, occasionally, the trypan blue assay may not accurately reflect chemical-induced cytotoxicity. For example, following a 3-hr exposure of 0.2 mM A2RA (an angiotensin II receptor antagonist), rat hepatocytes Elia et al. (1993) found a viability of <10% and 100% relative to untreated control as measured by ATP levels and trypan blue assay, respectively. Thus, it is essential to include at least two cytotoxicity assays when evaluating compounds with an unknown mechanism of action (MoA).