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State of the Art of Artificial Intelligence in Dentistry and Its Expected Future
Published in Lavanya Sharma, Mukesh Carpenter, Computer Vision and Internet of Things, 2022
Vukoman Jokanović, M. Živković, S. Živković
AI has changed the area of oral and maxillofacial surgery based on the appearance of image-guided surgery. Before surgery, CT, MRI, and CBCT images are now parts of clinical practice in many large hospitals. Such recordings allow the desired procedure to be derived more exactly than before the introduction of these techniques. Surgical removal of the lower third molars is challenging due to the great proximity of the third mandibular molar (M3) and the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN). Such interventions may cause neurosensory injury of the chin and lower mouth. The automated segmentation of panoramic images prior to extraction of M3 determines the proximity of M3 to neurosensomotor tissues, thus preventing damages to the tissues. In the future, these types of interventions will have an increasing application in orthognathic surgery influenced by extraordinary accuracy of image recognition, which shows different dentofacial irregularities [65, 66].
Additive manufacturing in the craniofacial area
Published in Ali Khademhosseini, Gulden Camci-Unal, 3D Bioprinting in Regenerative Engineering, 2018
Cedryck Vaquette, Kelly McGowan, Saso Ivanovski
Dental implant therapy is indicated to increase chewing comfort [15,16], to replace strategically important missing teeth [17], or to provide an alternative means of supporting a dental prosthesis where natural tooth and existing satisfactory restorations would otherwise be subjected to invasive preparation procedures [18,19]. Implants can be used to support a single tooth crown, a bridge, or fixed and removable full arch prosthesis, which makes them a valuable addition to the dental clinician’s armamentarium. Safe and predictable implant placement requires an adequate volume of healthy bone, the availability of which must be carefully assessed through both clinical examination and three-dimensional (3D) radiography before commencing treatment [20]. The close proximity of the maxillary sinus and nasal cavity in the maxilla and the position of the inferior alveolar nerve within the mandible can be significant anatomical limitations to ideal implant placement and can act to limit the bone height available for implant placement following alveolar ridge resorption.
General Thermography
Published in James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead, Human Medical Thermography, 2023
James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead
Invasive dental procedures including local anesthetic nerve blocks may cause damage to mandibular or maxillary nerves. The inferior alveolar nerve is apparently most prone to injury, showing a 0.5°C (0.9°F) higher temperature over the nerve distribution area on the damaged side (Figure 10.37). Local block of the inferior alveolar nerve with lidocaine temporarily produces the same thermographic picture and can thus be used to objectively assess a successful nerve block.87
Stress distribution is susceptible to the angle of the osteotomy in the high oblique sagittal osteotomy (HOSO): biomechanical evaluation using finite element analyses
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2021
Herrera-Vizcaíno Carlos, Baselga Lahoz Marta, Pelliccioni Monrroy Orlando, Udeabor E Samuel, Robert Sader, Lukas Benedikt Seifert
Orthognathic surgery involves the surgical reconstruction of the cranial and maxillary bone structures with the aim of restoring the patient's anatomical and functional relationship (Monson 2013). One of the most common conditions subject to interventions is skeletal malocclusion (SM) (Dias and Gleiser 2008). Since the first surgery performed by Hullihen (1810–1857) in 1849, numerous variants of the technique have been described (Radi Londoño 1994; Almandoz 2011). Although there is no universal technique, it is worth noting the bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO), since it represents the most widely used procedure in orthognathic surgery (Böckmann et al. 2014). However, the BSSO reports disadvantages; among these, the sensorineural alteration of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) stands out, the incidence of which has been widely studied in the literature (Becelli et al. 2002; Agbaje et al. 2015) and it is reported in 11.7%−24% of cases (Seeberger et al. 2013). As an alternative technique to BSSO, with the intention of preserving alveolar nerve integrity, some authors (Landes et al. 2014; Herrera-Vizcaíno et al. 2016) have opted to intervene using High oblique sagittal osteotomy (HOSO), reducing the alveolar impact in up to 0.5% of cases (Seeberger et al. 2013).