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Safety Management Systems
Published in John W. Overton, Eileen Frazer, Safety and Quality in Medical Transport Systems, 2019
SMSs have been recognized as the next generation of safety performance management. Through the ICAO Global Aviation Safety Roadmap, consistent SMS implementation has been identified as one of twelve focus areas. Countries across the world are gradually introducing the regulatory requirements for aviation service providers to have an SMS. The FAA has issued a Notice of Proposed Rule Making (NPRM) SMS for Part 121 Certificate Holders in November 2010. This has formalized the encouragement and guidance provided by the FAA for a number of years to assist the voluntary uptake of SMS by all air service providers. For more than ten years the National Transport Safety Board (NTSB) has had improved HEMS safety performance on its “Most Wanted” list. The FAA NPRM Air Ambulance and Commercial Helicopter Operations, Part 91 Helicopter Operations, and Part 135 Aircraft Operations; Safety Initiatives and Miscellaneous Amendments has addressed a number of the issues associated with Air Ambulance operations, but not SMS (FAA 2010c). The NTSB Safety Recommendation A-09-89 in 2009 asks the FAA to “[r]equire helicopter emergency medical services operators to implement a safety management system program that includes sound risk management practices” (NTSB 2009: 18). This action remains “Open – Await Response;” however, many other organizations have continued to encourage and support the implementation of SMS. Agencies such as CAMTS require evidence that an SMS of specific characteristics is implemented in order to be accredited. The aviation industry has for a number of years, to some extent championed the use of SMS. And while an SMS is no silver bullet, it certainly provides one proven, proactive and systematic approach to improving safety performance.
Impacts of augmenting heliports with school playgrounds on air medical transport time
Published in Journal of Transportation Safety & Security, 2022
An air ambulance is a helicopter that is exclusively used for emergency medical service (EMS). The effects of air ambulance transport have been still explored in favor of the service (Brown et al., 2010; Chang et al., 2017; Galvagno, Haut, & Zafar, 2012; Meyer et al., 2016). Many previous studies found that prolonged scene of emergency event to a definitive hospital interval cause severe outcome. The previous studies also identified that air ambulance has advantages to provide medical access to remote areas, shorten transport time, and improve survival rate of patient (Brown et al., 2016; Chen et al., 2018; Floccare et al., 2013; Hesselfeldt et al., 2013; Lee, Abdel-Aty, Cai, & Wang, 2018). Due to these advantages, the air ambulance is common to transport patients with heart attack, respiratory arrest or massive bleeding from severe injuries in many countries (Campbell, 2018; Garner, 2004; Taylor et al., 2011).