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Reproductive system
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
Other fetal anatomy checked during the assessment includes the limbs, abdominal organs and the chest, including the heart and cardiac outflow tracts. Specifically, 11 conditions have been agreed as detectable by the FASP and the detection rates of these are audited [78]. These conditions are: Anencephaly.Open spina bifida.Cleft lip.Diaphragmatic hernia.Gastroschisis.Exomphalos.Serious cardiac abnormalities.Bilateral renal agenesis.Lethal skeletal dysplasia.Edwards’ syndrome (Trisomy 18).Patau’s syndrome (Trisomy 13).
Obstetrics and gynaecology
Published in David A Lisle, Imaging for Students, 2012
Amniotic fluid volume is assessed. Low amniotic fluid volume or oligohydramnios may be caused by intrauterine growth retardation secondary to placental insufficiency, chromosomal disorders, congenital infection and severe maternal systemic illness. Severe oligohydramnios may also indicate the presence of renal agenesis or obstruction of the fetal urinary tract. Common causes of increased amniotic fluid volume or polyhydramnios include maternal diabetes, multiple pregnancy, neural tube defect, fetal hydrops, and any disorder with impaired fetal swallowing such as oesophageal atresia. In many cases, polyhydramnios is idiopathic, with no underlying cause found.
Therapeutic positioning to address neuromuscular scoliosis on an adolescent child with Aicardi syndrome: a case study
Published in Assistive Technology, 2023
Tamara Kittelson, Nicholas C. Coombs
Many diagnoses with a neuromotor component are categorized as NDs, including cerebral palsy (CP), spina bifida, and Rett syndrome, among others. Aicardi syndrome (ACS) is a condition characterized by agenesis of the corpus callosum, other brain malformations, infantile spasms, ongoing seizures, and ocular abnormalities (Bertoni et al., 1979; Donnenfeld et al., 1989; Kroner et al., 2008). ACS occurs exclusively in females or males with an XXY karyotype. Intellectual disability, atypical muscle tone, delayed psychomotor milestones, and scoliosis are all common among persons with ACS. However, CP is more common among NDs with psychomotor impairment and thus more thoroughly studied (Alriksson-Schmidt & Hägglund, 2016; Alriksson-Schmidt et al., 2017; Graham et al., 2019). As a result, motor progression and clinical issues among persons with CP can be evaluated in real time, but the evaluation of other NDs, like ACS, proves to be more difficult. Currently, the incidence rate of ACS in the United States is approximately 1 per 105,000 live births (Kroner et al., 2008). As a rare disorder, there is limited reference material to monitor similar markers among those with ACS.
In vivo effects of aflatoxin B1 and benzo[a]pyrene on the heart muscle of chicken embryos
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2021
Nikola Knížatová, Martin Massányi, Łukasz M. Kołodziejczyk, Anton Kováčik, Katarína Tokárová, Agnieszka Greń, Łukasz J. Binkowski, Grzegorz Formicki, Marcela Capcarová, Peter Massányi, Norbert Lukáč
Uric acid is the end product of an exogenous pool of purines and endogenous purine metabolism. The exogenous pool varies significantly with diet, while the endogenous production of uric acid is mainly from the liver, intestines, muscles, kidneys, and the vascular endothelium.[22,23] Matějčková et al.[24] observed the concentration of uric acid in plasma and allantoic fluid of the chicken embryos divided into two groups – a control group and a group of chicken embryos with unilateral renal agenesis. The concentration of uric acid in the control group was in the range of 1.2 to 3.1 mg/dL of uric acid and the allantoic fluid − 53.6 mg/dL − 138.3 mg/dL. The group of embryos with unilateral renal agenesis plasma uric acid concentration was 4.5 mg/dL and in the allantoic, the concentration was 85.4 mg/dL. In our samples, the concentrations of uric acid ranged from 5.1 mg/dL to 17.53 mg/dL.